Ceftaroline versus Isolates from Animal Bite Wounds: Comparative In Vitro Activities against 243 Isolates, Including 156 Pasteurella Species Isolates

Abstract

bMore than 5 million Americans are bitten by animals, usually dogs, annually. Bite patients comprise ϳ1% of all patients who visit emergency departments (300,000/year), and approximately 10,000 require hospitalization and intravenous antibiotics. Ceftaroline is the bioactive component of the prodrug ceftaroline fosamil, which is FDA approved for the treatment of acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections (ABSSSIs), including those containing methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). There are no in vitro data about the activity of ceftaroline against Pasteurella multocida subsp. multocida and Pasteurella multocida subsp. septica, other Pasteurella spp., or other bite wound isolates. We therefore studied the in vitro activity of ceftaroline against 243 animal bite isolates. MICs were determined using the broth microdilution method according to CLSI guidelines. Comparator drugs included cefazolin, ceftriaxone, ertapenem, ampicillin-sulbactam, azithromycin, doxycycline, and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (SMX-TMP). Ceftaroline was the most active agent against all 5 Pasteurella species, including P. multocida subsp. multocida and P. multocida subsp. septica, with a maximum MIC of <0.008 g/ml; more active than ceftriaxone and ertapenem (MIC 90 s, <0.015 g/ml); and more active than cefazolin (MIC 90 , 0.5 g/ml) doxycycline (MIC 90 , 0.125 g/ ml), azithromycin (MIC 90 , 0.5 g/ml), ampicillin-sulbactam (MIC 90 , 0.125 g/ml), and SMX-TMP (MIC 90 , 0.125 g/ml). Ceftaroline was also very active against all S. aureus isolates (MIC 90 , 0.125 g/ml) and other Staphylococcus and Streptococcus species, with a maximum MIC of 0.125 g/ml against all bite isolates tested. Ceftaroline has potential clinical utility against infections involving P. multocida, other Pasteurella species, and aerobic Gram-positive isolates, including S. aureus.

Antimicrobial resistance and virulence gene profiles in P. multocida strains isolated from cats

“…Although P. multocida is frequently reported in feline oral microbiota and isolated in cat bites ( Goldstein et al , 2012 ), the literature contains no data about the occurrence, presence of virulence genes or resistance profiles in P. multocida strains from cats in Brazil.…”

An abscess due to Pasteurella multocida after a cat scratch: Case report and evaluation of antibiotic prophylaxis

“…The antimicrobials selected for therapy of infected animal bite wounds must have activity against the components of the biting animals' oral flora, including P. multocida and its subspecies. 15 Recommendations about case selection for antibiotic prophylaxis may vary. Currently recommended regimens include amoxicillin-clavulanic acid orally or ampicillin-sulbactam, carbapenems, or cefoxitin intravenously.…”

Studies on the Antibacterial Activity of Ceftiofur Sodium in Vitro and Birds

“…They reported that ceftiofur sodium exerts bactericidal effect on tested microorganisms at concentration equal to or at most one doubling dilution above MIC. Many authors were reportedthat high activity of ceftiofur against P. multocida isolated from cattle, swine and duck in vitro [10,12,28,29]. Also, some authors [8] reported that the MIC of ceftiofur sodium required to inhibit growth of 90% of isolates of E. coli, Pasteurella spp., Klebsiella spp., and beta-haemolytic Streptococci was <0.5 microg/ml, and intravenous administration of ceftiofur sodium at rate of 5 mg/kg every 12 h would provide sufficient coverage for the treatment of susceptible bacterial isolates.…”

“…First group received Salmonella gallinarum with an intraperitoneal inoculation of infective dose 6 × 10 4 viable cells [16][17][18][19]. Chicks of second group succumbed to an artificial infection with P. multocida with an intramuscular dose of 1 × 10 4 viable cells/ml [10,20], while each chick of third group was intravenously inoculated with 0.1 ml of broth culture of E. coli containing 10 8 viable cells/ml [21]. All inoculated and control birds were daily observed and reared under strict hygienic measures.…”

“…It is bactericidal; destroying bacteria by preventing the synthesis of the cell wall [4,5]. It is used for treatment of respiratory tract diseases in cattle, sheep, horse and swine that are caused by P. multocida and P. haemolytica [6][7][8][9][10]. It was reported for the control of P. multocida infection in balady chickens [2], and also for the control of terminal bacterial infection in one day old broiler chickens [11], and American black ducks [12].…”