Ceftibuten-induced filamentation of extended spectrum beta lactamase (ESBL)-producing uropathogenic Escherichia coli alters host cell responses during an in vitro infection

Transcriptional Alterations of Virulence-Associated Genes in Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL)-Producing Uropathogenic Escherichia coli during Morphologic Transitions Induced by Ineffective Antibiotics

“…We and others have shown that filamentation of E. coli is associated with a rapid production and release of endotoxins (Gould and MacKenzie, 1997; Demirel et al, 2015). Genes associated with LPS biosynthesis were almost unchanged in the ESBL019 Transition state, but all LPS genes were upregulated in the ESBL019 Filamented state.…”

“…The ESBL-producing UPEC was originally isolated from a patient at Örebro University hospital, Sweden. The isolate, designated ESBL019 (previously named ESBL7, Demirel et al, 2015), has previously been characterized and determined to be multidrug resistant (CTX-M-15) and resistant to ceftibuten (MIC 7,680 ng/ml) and belongs to the ST131 clone (Onnberg et al, 2011). ESBL019 was grown in Luria broth (Difco Laboratories, Detroit, MI, USA) overnight on shake at 200 rpm 37°C.…”

“…The bacteria were resuspended in sterile phosphate buffered saline prior to inoculation of CnT-21 cell culture medium (CCM) with or without ceftibuten (480 ng/mL). The antibiotic concentration used is a reference minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of ceftibuten that was determined on two antibiotic susceptible UPEC isolates as previously defined (Demirel et al, 2015). …”

“…It was recently shown that cell division gene damX is also a mediator of reversible filamentation of UPEC (Khandige et al, 2016). We have previously shown that filamentation of extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing UPEC isolates can alter the ability of UPEC to evoke pro-inflammatory responses in renal epithelial cells and neutrophils (Demirel et al, 2015). Therefore, knowledge of the virulence factors expressed by different morphological forms of UPEC may be used to devise novel therapeutic strategies to obstruct these virulence factors in order to inhibit pathogenesis.…”

Synthesis and Properties of Amphipathic Poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide)-polyethylene glycol-poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) Triblock Copolymers

“…Ceftibuten, an active third generation cephalosporin, is usually chosen as a drug in drug delivery systems [24,25] because it is effective and safe in treating the majority of organisms isolated from patients with infections, and the overall bioavailability cannot be altered by food. [26,27] In this paper, biodegradable PLGA-PEG-PLGA triblock copolymers were synthesized via bulk ring-opening polymerization with D,L-lactide (D,L-LA), glycolide (GA), and polyethylene glycol (PEG) as raw materials and tin(II) bis(2-ethylhexanoate) (Sn(Oct) 2 ) as catalyst. The synthesis and purification processes were free from organic solvent.…”