Ceftriaxone: in vitro studies and clinical evaluation

Abstract

The in vitro activity of ceftriaxone against 437 clinical isolates of gram-negative bacilli was determined. Ceftriaxone was found to have high in vitro activity against Enterobacteriaceae, with the exception of Enterobacter cloacae. Ceftriaxone was only minimally active against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter calcoaceticus. We evaluated the clinical efficacy and toxicity of ceftriaxone in 55 adult patients. Bacterial infection was confirmed by the isolation of etiological bacteria in 30 patients. Infectious disorders treated included 10 pneumonias, 13 urinary tract infections, and 7 soft tissue or bone infections. Pathogens identified were 25 isolates of gram-negative bacilli, 5 isolates of Staphylococcus aureus, 5 isolates of pneumococci, and 4 isolates of other streptococci. The overall efficacy of ceftriaxone was excellent. The clinical cure rate was 93%, and the bacteriological cure rate was 93%. A total of 30 adverse reactions were noted in 22 of 55 patients receiving ceftriaxone, but only one necessitated discontinuation of treatment. Adverse effects frequently noted were elevated hepatic enzymes (16%), thrombocytosis (16%), and eosinophilia (8%). Ceftriaxone is an effective and well-tolerated antimicrobial agent that appears promising for the treatment of serious gram-negative bacillary infections.

Pharmacokinetics, Urinary and Mammary Excretion of Ceftriaxone in Lactating Goats

“…Ceftriaxone is a 2‐aminothiazoylmethoxyimino cephalosporin of the third generation. It has a broad‐spectrum activity against Gram‐positive, Gram‐negative and anaerobic bacteria (Gnann et al., 1982; Rolf and Finegold, 1982). The antibacterial activity against Gram‐negative bacteria encompasses essentially all members of Enterobacteriaceae as well as Pasteurella species.…”

Antibiotic Prophylaxis in the Surgical Treatment of Peritrochanteric Fractures: A Comparative Trial between Two Cephalosporins

“…Clinical and laboratory re ports indicate a high degree of efficacy in vitro and in vivo against a wide spectrum of gram-negative and gram-positive aer obic bacteria, including St. aureus and anaerobes [18,19]. In addition its half-life of 8 h results in maintenance therapeutic serum concentrations of ceftriaxone 24 h after a single intravenous dose [20].…”

Ocular Pharmacokinetics of Ceftriaxone Following Subconjunctival Injection in Rabbits

“…Moreover, cef¬ triaxone crosses the blood-brain bar¬ rier producing effective concentra¬ tions in the CSF. 7 We examined the intraocular kinetics after subconjunc¬ tival administration of ceftriaxone to determine its potential prophylactic efficacy following ocular trauma and intraocular surgery.…”