Ceftriaxone-Resistant Salmonella Infection Acquired by a Child from Cattle

Fey, Paul D.; Safranek, Thomas J.; Rupp, Mark E.; Dunne, Eileen F.; Ribot, Efrain M.; Iwen, Peter C.; Bradford, Patricia A.; Angulo, Frederick J.; Hinrichs, Steven H.

doi:10.1056/nejm200004273421703

Cited by 490 publications

(344 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…We first analyzed some general trends such as the connection between use in animal husbandry and the spread of resistance, previously suggested from studies of one or a few antibiotics at a time (Levy et al 1976;Holmberg et al 1984;Hummel et al 1986;Bager et al 1997;Fey et al 2000). We observe a clear and significant increase in resistance gene abundance both for antibiotics approved for animal use by the U.S. FDA (Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Country-specific antibiotic use practices impact the human gut resistome

et al. 2013

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Despite increasing concerns over inappropriate use of antibiotics in medicine and food production, population-level resistance transfer into the human gut microbiota has not been demonstrated beyond individual case studies. To determine the ''antibiotic resistance potential'' for entire microbial communities, we employ metagenomic data and quantify the totality of known resistance genes in each community (its resistome) for 68 classes and subclasses of antibiotics. In 252 fecal metagenomes from three countries, we show that the most abundant resistance determinants are those for antibiotics also used in animals and for antibiotics that have been available longer. Resistance genes are also more abundant in samples from Spain, Italy, and France than from Denmark, the United States, or Japan. Where comparable country-level data on antibiotic use in both humans and animals are available, differences in these statistics match the observed resistance potential differences. The results are robust over time as the antibiotic resistance determinants of individuals persist in the human gut flora for at least a year.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Country-specific antibiotic use practices impact the human gut resistome

et al. 2013

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“…However, reports of increasing MIC values and subsequent increase in the occurrence of typhoidal salmonellae resistant to ciprofloxacin suggest that it will not remain effective for much longer [20,21]. Furthermore, extended-spectrum cephalosporins such as ceftriaxone are now being used specially for treating children [22,23]. These therapeutic failures have prompted lively research on possible synergism of 27 mm f cefo (20 lg/ml): 20 mm g cryptdin-2 (10 lg/ml) ?…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of Cryptdin-2 as an Adjunct to Antibiotics from Various Generations Against Salmonella

2014

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Emerging drug resistance in Salmonella coupled with the recent poor success rate of antibiotic discovery programs of the pharmaceutical industry is a cause for significant concern. It has forced the scientific community to look for alternative new classes of antimicrobial compounds. In this context, combinations of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) and conventional antibiotics have gained interest owing to their versatile applications. The present study was therefore planned to evaluate the synergistic effects, if any, of cryptdin-2, a mouse Paneth cell alphadefensin, in combination with four different antibiotics i.e. ciprofloxacin, ceftriaxone, cefotaxime and chloramphenicol, which are conventionally used against Salmonella. Minimum bactericidal concentrations of the selected antimicrobial agents were determined by micro and macro broth dilution assays. In-vitro synergy between the agents was evaluated by fractional bactericidal concentration index (checkerboard test) and time-kill assay. Cryptdin-2-ciprofloxacin, cryptdin-2-ceftriaxone and cryptdin-2-cefotaxime combinations were found synergistic as evident by in vitro assays. This synergism provides an additional therapeutic choice by allowing the use of conventional antibiotics in conjunction with AMPs against MDR Salmonella.

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“…The appearance of resistance pathogenic organisms such as Salmonella spp., E. coli, Campylobacter spp. and Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus has been given more concern with regard to drug residues [59,60].…”

Section: Physico-chemical Assaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review on Chemical Residues in Milk and Their Public Health Concern in Ethiopia

Aytenfsu¹,

Mamo²

2016

J Nutr Food Sci

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Chemical residues which could contaminants cow milk are chlorinated pesticides, organophosphates, herbicides, fungicides, antihelminthetic drugs, antibiotic, hormones, detergents and disinfectants, nitrites, poly chlorinated, poly brominated biphenyles, dioxins, mycotoxins, heavy metals and somatotropin hormone. Antibiotics such as betalactams, tetracycline, amino glycosides (e.g. streptomycin, neomycin and gentamycin), macrolides (e.g. erythromycin) and sulfonamides are the source of residues. Because of the public health significance, milk and milk products contaminated with antibiotics beyond a given residue levels, considered unfit for human consumption. Problems associated with antibiotic residues in milk include the risk of allergic reactions and occurrence of antibioticresistant bacteria, teratogenicity risk to the foetus, hypoplasia in developing teeth, aplasia of bone marrow, chronic insidious intake lead to elevated cancer risk and disruption of body's reproductive, immune, endocrine and nervous system. Organochlorine pesticides are substances containing contaminants classes: The dichlorodiphenylethanes, the chlorinated cyclodienes (aldrin, dieldrin, heptachlor, etc.), and the hexachlorocyclohexanes (lindane). The most common effects of the wide spread of organochlorine compounds in the environment are birth defects, neurological effects, behavioral effects, reproductive effects and cancer. The occurrence of chemical residues in the milk of lactating cows is a matter of public health concern, since dairy products are widely consumed by infants, children and many adults throughout the world. Governments have responsibility for making regulations to protect consumers against harm arising from chemical in food. The regulation of illegal residues in foods is a cooperative effort of Food Safety and Inspection Services, Feed and Drug Administration and Environmental Protection Agency. However, inEthiopia not yet attention given regarding to set standards, control measures and monitoring program of chemical residues in animal originated foodstuff.

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Ceftriaxone-Resistant Salmonella Infection Acquired by a Child from Cattle

Cited by 490 publications

References 31 publications

Country-specific antibiotic use practices impact the human gut resistome

Country-specific antibiotic use practices impact the human gut resistome

Efficacy of Cryptdin-2 as an Adjunct to Antibiotics from Various Generations Against Salmonella

Review on Chemical Residues in Milk and Their Public Health Concern in Ethiopia

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