Cefuroxime: antimicrobial activity, human pharmacokinetics and therapeutic effcacy

28 patients suffering from a variety of bacterial infections have been treated with cefuroxime. 18 were cured and 6 improved during treatment. Side effects were minimal and intramuscular injection was well tolerated. Serum and urine levels well in excess of the MICs of sensitive organisms were obtained using dosages of 750 mg 8 hourly. Biliary excretion was impaired in the presence of obstruction, but adequate bile levels of cefuroxime were observed following relief of the obstruction. Cefuroxime was widely active against gram-negative bacilli and against Streptococcus faecalis, but less active against Bacteroides spp.

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Studies with Cefuroxime: A New Beta-Lactamase Resistant Cephalosporin

Ball¹,

Brookes²,

Farrell³

et al. 1979

“…Low or negligible diffusion can be due to the short period studied. Penetration in creases with repeated drug administration as shown for cefuroxime [11,12].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This finding agrees with previous reports on cefotaxime [13], oxacillin [14] and flucloxacillin [5], The penetration ratio was calculated with 'peak' and simultaneous blood levels. Previous workers [5,11,12] refer to simultaneous blood levels. Pharmacokinetic studies show that tissues follow a deep-compartment model [15].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cefamandole Bone Diffusion in Patients Undergoing Total Hip Replacement

Roncoroni¹,

Manuel²,

Nedjar³

et al. 1981

Cefamandole penetration was studied in 32 normal bone specimens. No antibiotic bone binding was found. Blood contamination of bone samples was measured by the haemoglobin method. Mean corrected levels attained (5.8 μg/g) exceed MIC values of sensitive Staphylococcus aureus, Haemophylus influenzae and Enterobacteriaceae. Similar diffusion was observed in cortical and trabecular bone. The results obtained invite further studies on preoperative prophylaxis and treatment of osteomyelitis.

“…Cefuroxime, a new compound belonging to the so-called 'second generation' cepha losporins, is characterized by its high resist ance to /9-lactamases produced by gram-ne gative organisms [3,5,7,11,12,14,16]. Since these organisms are frequently re sponsible for biliary tract infections, the knowledge of biliary concentrations of cefu roxime is relevant to assess its therapeutical value in such cases.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biliary Excretion of Cefuroxime

Jm¹,

Pinget²,

Arnaud³

et al. 1981

The biliary excretion of cefuroxime was studied experimentally, using a preparation of isolated rabbit liver (n = 5) perfused in vitro during 3 h; 0.92% of the cefuroxime (10 mg) added to the circulating blood was found in the bile, while peak antibiotic activity reached a mean value of 8.0 ± 1.1 μg/ml. In man, 1 h after a single intravenous injection of cefuroxime (0.5 g), a maximum concentration of 4.0 ± 1.6 μg/ml was found in the duodenal aspiration fluid collected from 5 healthy subjects. In 10 patients with T-tube drainage, a mean biliary peak of 10.3 ± 2.4 μg/ml was observed 2 h after intravenous injection of the same dose; the biliary excretion of cefuroxime during the 12-hour experiment corresponded to 0.13% of the administered dose. Assays performed during cholecystectomy in 10 patients 1 h after cefuroxime intravenous injection of 0.5 g showed concentrations of 11.9 ± 0.8 μg/ml in the serum, 12.0 ± 1.5 μg/ml in the common duct bile and 7.4 ± 1.1 μg/ml in the gallbladder bile. These results were compared with those observed after administration of 11 other β-lactam antibiotics in identical experimental and clinical conditions.