Cell Adhesion and Spreading Behavior on Vertically Aligned Silicon Nanowire Arrays

Qi, Suijian; Yi, Changqing; Ji, Shenglin; Fong, Chi-Chun; Yang, Mengsu

doi:10.1021/am800027d

Cited by 183 publications

(202 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Building on the previous observation that vertically grown NWs can support cell culture (15)(16)(17)(18)(19), we show that vertical NW substrates can serve as a universal, scalable, and highly efficient modality for introducing DNAs, RNAs, peptides, proteins, and small molecules into both immortalized and primary cell types, without chemical modification or viral packaging. This simplicity and generality, which stem from the direct physical access to the cell's interior afforded by NW penetration (15)(16)(17)(18)(19), make NW-based delivery distinct from chemical and viral methods that are widely employed (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6). Furthermore, this NW-based system is fully compatible with standard microarray printing techniques, allowing large collections of biomolecules to be delivered, or even codelivered, into live cells in a parallel and miniaturized fashion.…”

mentioning

confidence: 53%

“…Previous studies have shown that vertical NWs spontaneously penetrate cells' membranes when cells are placed on top of the NWs (15)(16)(17)(18)(19). To visualize this penetration process, DiDmembrane-labeled HeLa cells (Magenta) were seeded on a bed of Si NWs whose gold tips had been prelabeled with This article contains supporting information online at www.pnas.org/cgi/content/full/ 0909350107/DCSupplemental.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Vertical nanowire (NW) substrates can satisfy these stringent requirements because the NWs enable direct physical access to the cells' interiors (15)(16)(17)(18)(19). Here, we report an experimental platform based on vertical silicon (Si) NWs that can deliver virtually any type of molecule into a wide variety of cells in a format compatible with microarray technology and live-cell imaging.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Vertical silicon nanowires as a universal platform for delivering biomolecules into living cells

Shalek

Robinson

Karp

et al. 2010

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

534

571

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A generalized platform for introducing a diverse range of biomolecules into living cells in high-throughput could transform how complex cellular processes are probed and analyzed. Here, we demonstrate spatially localized, efficient, and universal delivery of biomolecules into immortalized and primary mammalian cells using surface-modified vertical silicon nanowires. The method relies on the ability of the silicon nanowires to penetrate a cell's membrane and subsequently release surface-bound molecules directly into the cell's cytosol, thus allowing highly efficient delivery of biomolecules without chemical modification or viral packaging. This modality enables one to assess the phenotypic consequences of introducing a broad range of biological effectors (DNAs, RNAs, peptides, proteins, and small molecules) into almost any cell type. We show that this platform can be used to guide neuronal progenitor growth with small molecules, knock down transcript levels by delivering siRNAs, inhibit apoptosis using peptides, and introduce targeted proteins to specific organelles. We further demonstrate codelivery of siRNAs and proteins on a single substrate in a microarray format, highlighting this technology's potential as a robust, monolithic platform for high-throughput, miniaturized bioassays. intracellular delivery | microarray | high-throughput bioassay | nanobiotechnology

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mentioning

confidence: 53%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Vertical silicon nanowires as a universal platform for delivering biomolecules into living cells

Shalek

Robinson

Karp

et al. 2010

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

534

571

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“…The filopodia of cells on bare glass were thick and straight (Figure 2d), whereas those on SiNW substrates were thin and exhibited a unique behavior of wrapping around the nanowires regardless of the nanowire diameter (insets of Figures 2b and c). 28 As a result of this wrapping, the SiNWs were deflected by the cell filopodia, with the degree of bending depending on the diameter of the SiNW (Figures 2e and f). Furthermore, the number of filopodia of cells cultured on both SiNW substrates (N = 72 cells) was twofold that of cells grown on bare glass, as shown in Figure 2h.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deflection induced cellular focal adhesion and anisotropic growth on vertically aligned silicon nanowires with differing elasticity

et al. 2016

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Cellular adhesion and growth on substrates with differing surface topography are known to induce unusual cell behaviors. Here, we investigated the adhesion and growth of human embryonic kidney 293T cells on vertically aligned silicon nanowires. Varying the diameter of nanowires affected their elasticity, which in turn caused variations in cell morphology and adhesion. Calculation of their elastic modulus revealed that long and thin nanowires are easier to deflect and thus provide more focal adhesion sites for adherent cells. And, induced mechanical tension triggered cellular anisotropic growth in the direction of tension, creating a greater rate of filopodium growth than was observed with a bare glass substrate devoid of mechanical tension. This nanotopographical approach provides important insights into the role of artificial substrates in the modulation of cell behavior and a conceptual framework for further analysis of substrate-induced changes in cellular activity.

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“…Recently, Shalek et al reported the use of vertical silicon nanowires to deliver biomolecules such as proteins and DNA plasmids into living cells that grew attached to the nanowires (9). Together with other works that show vertical nanowires can support cell culture (10)(11)(12)(13)(14), these observations suggest a new and exciting possibility of using vertical nanowires as a universal platform to probe intracellular molecular events.…”

mentioning

confidence: 86%

Vertical nanopillars for highly localized fluorescence imaging

Xie

Hanson

Cui

et al. 2011

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

101

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Observing individual molecules in a complex environment by fluorescence microscopy is becoming increasingly important in biological and medical research, for which critical reduction of observation volume is required. Here, we demonstrate the use of vertically aligned silicon dioxide nanopillars to achieve below-the-diffraction-limit observation volume in vitro and inside live cells. With a diameter much smaller than the wavelength of visible light, a transparent silicon dioxide nanopillar embedded in a nontransparent substrate restricts the propagation of light and affords evanescence wave excitation along its vertical surface. This effect creates highly confined illumination volume that selectively excites fluorescence molecules in the vicinity of the nanopillar. We show that this nanopillar illumination can be used for in vitro single-molecule detection at high fluorophore concentrations. In addition, we demonstrate that vertical nanopillars interface tightly with live cells and function as highly localized light sources inside the cell. Furthermore, specific chemical modification of the nanopillar surface makes it possible to locally recruit proteins of interest and simultaneously observe their behavior within the complex, crowded environment of the cell.

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Cell Adhesion and Spreading Behavior on Vertically Aligned Silicon Nanowire Arrays

Cited by 183 publications

References 21 publications

Vertical silicon nanowires as a universal platform for delivering biomolecules into living cells

Vertical silicon nanowires as a universal platform for delivering biomolecules into living cells

Deflection induced cellular focal adhesion and anisotropic growth on vertically aligned silicon nanowires with differing elasticity

Vertical nanopillars for highly localized fluorescence imaging

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