Cell Adhesion, Multicellular Morphology, and Magnetosome Distribution in the Multicellular Magnetotactic Prokaryote <i>Candidatus</i> Magnetoglobus multicellularis

Abreu, Fernanda; Silva, Karen Tavares; Leão, Pedro; Guedes, Iamê Alves; Keim, Carolina N.; Farina, Marcos; Lins, Ulysses

doi:10.1017/s1431927613000329

Cited by 24 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Cells are asymmetrically flagellated, with the surface of the cell exposed to the surrounding environment and covered with numerous flagella (125,128). Most described MMPs are spherical (42,45,(124)(125)(126)129), although some are ovoid or pineapple shaped in morphology (121,130), and they all appear to possess a central, acellular compartment (124,129,131). Wall structures between cells similar to eukaryotic gap junctions have been described for one MMP (125).…”

Section: Deltaproteobacteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Magnetosomes are usually loosely ar- ranged in short chains or clusters in individual cells (24,45,133,134,136), although there is a general-enough consensus in magnetosome arrangement that there is a net magnetic dipole moment to the entire unit (45,124). It has also been shown that magnetosome chain polarities of individual cells contribute coherently to the total magnetic moment of the MMP in a highly coordinated fashion, suggesting a remarkable degree of magnetic optimization, which is likely inherited by individual cells by a sophisticated reproduction mechanism (131,137).…”

Section: Deltaproteobacteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ecology, Diversity, and Evolution of Magnetotactic Bacteria

Lefèvre

Bazylinski

2013

Microbiol Mol Biol Rev

376

388

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SUMMARY Magnetotactic bacteria (MTB) are widespread, motile, diverse prokaryotes that biomineralize a unique organelle called the magnetosome. Magnetosomes consist of a nano-sized crystal of a magnetic iron mineral that is enveloped by a lipid bilayer membrane. In cells of almost all MTB, magnetosomes are organized as a well-ordered chain. The magnetosome chain causes the cell to behave like a motile, miniature compass needle where the cell aligns and swims parallel to magnetic field lines. MTB are found in almost all types of aquatic environments, where they can account for an important part of the bacterial biomass. The genes responsible for magnetosome biomineralization are organized as clusters in the genomes of MTB, in some as a magnetosome genomic island. The functions of a number of magnetosome genes and their associated proteins in magnetosome synthesis and construction of the magnetosome chain have now been elucidated. The origin of magnetotaxis appears to be monophyletic; that is, it developed in a common ancestor to all MTB, although horizontal gene transfer of magnetosome genes also appears to play a role in their distribution. The purpose of this review, based on recent progress in this field, is focused on the diversity and the ecology of the MTB and also the evolution and transfer of the molecular determinants involved in magnetosome formation.

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Section: Deltaproteobacteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Deltaproteobacteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecology, Diversity, and Evolution of Magnetotactic Bacteria

Lefèvre

Bazylinski

2013

Microbiol Mol Biol Rev

376

388

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“…Adhesion molecules and possibly calcium-dependent proteins have important roles in the unique morphology and life cycle of Ca. M. multicellularis (Keim et al, 2004b;Abreu et al, 2013). Thus, we examined the genome of Ca.…”

Section: Deciphering Mmps Through Genomicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deciphering unusual uncultured magnetotactic multicellular prokaryotes through genomics

et al. 2013

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Candidatus Magnetoglobus multicellularis (Ca. M. multicellularis) is a member of a group of uncultured magnetotactic prokaryotes that possesses a unique multicellular morphology. To better understand this organism's physiology, we used a genomic approach through pyrosequencing. Genomic data analysis corroborates previous structural studies and reveals the proteins that are likely involved in multicellular morphogenesis of this microorganism. Interestingly, some detected protein sequences that might be involved in cell adhesion are homologues to phylogenetically unrelated filamentous multicellular bacteria proteins, suggesting their contribution in the early development of multicellular organization in Bacteria. Genes related to the behavior of Ca. M. multicellularis (chemo-, photo-and magnetotaxis) and its metabolic capabilities were analyzed. On the basis of the genomic-physiologic information, enrichment media were tested. One medium supported chemoorganoheterotrophic growth of Ca. M. multicellularis and allowed the microorganisms to maintain their multicellular morphology and cell cycle, confirming for the first time that the entire life cycle of the MMP occurs in a multicellular form. Because Ca. M. multicellularis has a unique multicellular life style, its cultivation is an important achievement for further studies regarding the multicellular evolution in prokaryotes.

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“…The cell and outer membranes of neighbour cells are juxtaposed, resembling mammalian cell-to-cell junctions (Keim et al, 2004a). Magnetosomes are arranged into one to five parallel chains (Abreu et al, 2008), forming planar groups which are close and parallel to the microorganism surface (Silva et al, 2007;Abreu et al, 2013). The cytoplasm contains about 80 magnetosomes (Abreu et al, 2008) containing iron sulphide crystals (Keim et al, 2004a) 88 6 11 nm in length and 65 6 10 nm in width (Abreu et al, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Each cell presents about 30 flagella, 0.9-3.8 mm in length, clustered in the part of the cell that faces the environment (Silva et al, 2007). Cells and magnetosomes are arranged in such a way that the magnetosome chains are roughly parallel to each other in the whole microorganism (Abreu et al, 2013). Magnetosomes are arranged into one to five parallel chains (Abreu et al, 2008), forming planar groups which are close and parallel to the microorganism surface (Silva et al, 2007;Abreu et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of applied magnetic fields on motility and magnetotaxis in the uncultured magnetotactic multicellular prokaryote ‘CandidatusMagnetoglobus multicellularis’

Keim

Melo

Almeida

et al. 2018

Environ Microbiol Rep

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Magnetotactic bacteria are found in the chemocline of aquatic environments worldwide. They produce nanoparticles of magnetic minerals arranged in chains in the cytoplasm, which enable these microorganisms to align to magnetic fields while swimming propelled by flagella. Magnetotactic bacteria are diverse phylogenetically and morphologically, including cocci, rods, vibria, spirilla and also multicellular forms, known as magnetotactic multicellular prokaryotes (MMPs). We used video-microscopy to study the motility of the uncultured MMP 'Candidatus Magnetoglobus multicellularis' under applied magnetic fields ranging from 0.9 to 32 Oersted (Oe). The bidimensional projections of the tridimensional trajectories where interpreted as plane projections of cylindrical helices and fitted as sinusoidal curves. The results showed that 'Ca. M. multicellularis' do not orient efficiently to low magnetic fields, reaching an efficiency of about 0.65 at 0.9-1.5 Oe, which are four to six times the local magnetic field. Good efficiency (0.95) is accomplished for magnetic fields ≥10 Oe. For comparison, unicellular magnetotactic microorganisms reach such efficiency at the local magnetic field. Considering that the magnetic moment of 'Ca. M. multicellularis' is sufficient for efficient alignment at the Earth's magnetic field, we suggest that misalignments are due to flagella movements, which could be driven by photo-, chemo- and/or other types of taxis.

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Cell Adhesion, Multicellular Morphology, and Magnetosome Distribution in the Multicellular Magnetotactic Prokaryote Candidatus Magnetoglobus multicellularis

Cited by 24 publications

References 23 publications

Ecology, Diversity, and Evolution of Magnetotactic Bacteria

Ecology, Diversity, and Evolution of Magnetotactic Bacteria

Deciphering unusual uncultured magnetotactic multicellular prokaryotes through genomics

Effect of applied magnetic fields on motility and magnetotaxis in the uncultured magnetotactic multicellular prokaryote ‘CandidatusMagnetoglobus multicellularis’

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