Cell biological and molecular characteristics of pseudorabies virus infections in cell cultures and in pigs with emphasis on the respiratory tract

Nauwynck, Hans; Glorieux, Sarah; Favoreel, Herman; Pensaert, Maurice

doi:10.1051/vetres:200661

Cited by 93 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…PRV is the aetiological agent of Aujeszky's disease in swine, causing huge economical losses worldwide. Wild-type PRV infection causes primarily respiratory and reproductive disease with low mortality in its natural host, the adult pig, where the virus can invade sensory ganglia and establish a latent infection (Nauwynck et al, 2007). Evidence that infection with PRV elicits both humoral-and cell-mediated immune responses is widely recognized.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Glycoprotein G from pseudorabies virus binds to chemokines with high affinity and inhibits their function

Viejo‐Borbolla

Muñoz

Tabarés

et al. 2009

Journal of General Virology

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Pseudorabies virus (PRV), also known as suid herpesvirus, is the aetiological agent of Aujeszky's disease in swine. In other animals, except higher-order primates, PRV infection is often fatal. The mechanisms of PRV pathogenesis and immune modulation are largely unknown. PRV codes for 11 glycoproteins. Among them, glycoprotein G (gG) is the most abundant PRV protein found in the supernatant of PRV-infected cell cultures. PRV-gG has low amino acid sequence similarity with gG from other animal alphaherpesviruses and its function is unknown. gG from other animal alphaherpesviruses, with the exception of at least equine herpesvirus 4, binds to chemokines. We show here that PRV-gG binds to the human chemokine CL1 and several CC and CXC human chemokines with high affinity. Chemokine-binding activity can be detected in the supernatants of PRV-infected cell cultures, and insertional inactivation of the gene encoding gG from the PRV genome results in loss of chemokine-binding activity. Binding of PRV-gG to chemokines inhibits chemokine-mediated cell migration, suggesting a role for PRV-gG in immune evasion.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…PRV is a particularly aggressive virus in young animals where infection is frequently fatal (Nauwynck et al, 2007). The mechanisms by which PRV evades the innate immune response and causes disease in a variety of animals are not fully understood.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glycoprotein G from pseudorabies virus binds to chemokines with high affinity and inhibits their function

Viejo‐Borbolla

Muñoz

Tabarés

et al. 2009

Journal of General Virology

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“…In between the capsid and the envelope, there is a structure called tegument, an amorphous material in which several proteins have been identified. Tegument proteins are important for the entrance of the virus in the cell, the preparation of the cell for virus replication and the primary and secondary envelopment, at the inner nuclear membrane and at trans-Golgi vesicles, respectively (Mettenleiter 2000, Nauwynck 2007). …”

Section: Adv Has Been Classified In the Genusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aujeszky's Disease (Pseudorabies). An old threat in current pig industry? Part I. Pathogenetic information and implications

Παπαγεωργιου

Burriel

Filioussis

et al. 2017

J Hellenic Vet Med Soc

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Aujeszky's disease (AD) (or Pseudorabies) is an important viral disease of swine causing neurological signs in neonatal pigs, respiratory problems in fatteners and reproductive disorders in breeding stock. Glycoproteins and enzymes of the AD virus (ADV) and their interactions with the cellular components majorly determine its pathogenesis. After primary replication in the epithelia of the upper respiratory tract, ADV travels via the nerves to the central nervous system and via the blood to secondary replication sites (lymph nodes, lungs, uterus etc). Depending on the age of the affected swine, it can cause neonatal mortality due to neurological disease, respiratory disease in growing and adult pigs and reproductive disorders in breeding animals. One of the characteristic features of ADV is latency. In this paper, its major points on etiology, pathogenesis, clinical and post mortem findings and diagnosis are presented.

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“…The replication kinetics and characteristics of ADV in the respiratory tract are influenced by several factors, such as virus strain, inoculation route, virus titre in the inoculum, animal age, genetics and immune status [13,14]. It is well documented that vaccination induces resistance against virus growth in the oronasal mucosa, consequently reduces the excretion of challenge virus shedding; however, vaccines greatly differ in this respect [15][16][17][18][19][20].…”

confidence: 99%

Different Shedding Patterns Measured by Virus Isolation and Real-Time PCR in Pigs Challenged with Aujeszky’s Disease Virus

Palya¹

2017

IJVR

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Aujeszky's Disease (AD) is a major pig disease that accounts for devastating economic losses to pig industry. AD is controlled by containment of infected herds, use of vaccines and removal of latently infected animals. In endemic areas, control programmes against AD rely on the use of vaccines that efficiently limit the replication of virulent virus in infected pigs. The presented study investigated the efficacy of a live vaccine, administered to the pigs by the intramuscular route in an oil/water emulsion adjuvant, to reduce the excretion of challenge virus by vaccinated pigs using virus isolation and real-time PCR (qPCR) to determine the amount of excreted virus.Both virus detecting assays showed that the vaccinated animals shed significantly lower amount of virus than the nonvaccinated controls, and the quantity of the shed viruses decreased over time. Interestingly, while in the non-vaccinated control animals the virus titres detected by virus isolation and qPCR were approximately the same, in the vaccinated ones the amount of viable virus measured by virus isolation was consistently less than those detected by qPCR. These findings indirectly demonstrate that vaccination with a live virus induces effective local immunity at the primary site of replication, which reduces shedding and transmission of challenge virus. The results also pointed out that qPCR detection of the viral nucleic acid is not equal with viable viruses, which should be considered when interpreting the outcome of virus detecting assays.

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Cell biological and molecular characteristics of pseudorabies virus infections in cell cultures and in pigs with emphasis on the respiratory tract

Cited by 93 publications

References 61 publications

Glycoprotein G from pseudorabies virus binds to chemokines with high affinity and inhibits their function

Glycoprotein G from pseudorabies virus binds to chemokines with high affinity and inhibits their function

Aujeszky's Disease (Pseudorabies). An old threat in current pig industry? Part I. Pathogenetic information and implications

Different Shedding Patterns Measured by Virus Isolation and Real-Time PCR in Pigs Challenged with Aujeszky’s Disease Virus

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