Cell birthdays in Xenopus laevis retina

Stiemke, Monica M.; Hollyfield, Joe G.

doi:10.1046/j.1432-0436.1995.5830189.x

Cited by 51 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Sections of neurula stage embryos show that initially the entire retinal neuroepithelium expresses Xrx to the same degree, but by the time the optic cup is formed, the Xrx RNA expression domain is restricted to the cells of the retinal ciliary margin (Mathers et al, 1997). This is a very important finding as it had been shown that the retinal ciliary margin contains the multipotent retinal stem cells that continually generate the entire repertoire of retinal cell types throughout Xenopus life (Holt et al, 1988;Stiemke and Hollyfield, 1995;Wetts and Fraser, 1988;Wetts et al, 1989). Later in development, Xrx1 is reactivated in the photoreceptor cells (Perron et al, 1998).…”

Section: Expression Pattern Of Xenopus Rx Genesmentioning

confidence: 96%

Regulation of vertebrate eye development by Rx genes

Bailey

El‐Hodiri²,

Zhang³

et al. 2004

Int. J. Dev. Biol.

160

127

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The paired-like homeobox-containing gene Rx has a critical role in the eye development of several vertebrate species including Xenopus, mouse, chicken, medaka, zebrafish and human. Rx is initially expressed in the anterior neural region of developing embryos, and later in the retina and ventral hypothalamus. Abnormal regulation or function of Rx results in severe abnormalities of eye formation. Overexpression of Rx in Xenopus and zebrafish embryos leads to overproliferation of retinal cells. A targeted elimination of Rx in mice results in a lack of eye formation. Mutations in Rx genes are the cause of the mouse mutation eyeless (ey1), the medaka temperature sensitive mutation eyeless (el) and the zebrafish mutation chokh. In humans, mutations in Rx lead to anophthalmia. All of these studies indicate that Rx genes are key factors in vertebrate eye formation. Because these results cannot be easily reconciled with the most popular dogmas of the field, we offer our interpretation of eye development and evolution.

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Section: Expression Pattern Of Xenopus Rx Genesmentioning

confidence: 96%

Regulation of vertebrate eye development by Rx genes

Bailey

El‐Hodiri²,

Zhang³

et al. 2004

Int. J. Dev. Biol.

160

127

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The expression of Xbh1 in the retina is reminiscent of the dorsoventral pattern of neurogenesis, but starts at slightly later stages than has been reported for the onset of retinal differentiation (Holt et al, 1988;Stiemke and Hollyfield, 1995). The CMZ recapitulates in cellular and molecular terms the temporal sequence of retinal differentiation, and can be roughly subdivided into three main regions (Perron et al, 1998) ( Fig.…”

Section: Xbh1 Is Expressed In Postmitotic Retinal Precursors In the Cmentioning

confidence: 74%

“…RPCs differentiate according to an ordered spatiotemporal pattern, largely conserved among vertebrates: ganglion cells are born first, followed by cone photoreceptors, horizontal and amacrine cells, whereas rod photoreceptors, bipolar and Müller cells are born last (Cepko et al, 1996;Stiemke and Hollyfield, 1995). Recent evidence supports the hypothesis that the commitment towards specific cell types occurs very early in RPCs (Lillien, 1998;Marquardt and Gruss, 2002;Marquardt et al, 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…To investigate this, we lipofected a pCS2 DNA construct encoding Xbh1, together with a similar construct encoding GFP, into the presumptive eye region of stage 17-18 embryos (Holt et al, 1990). We subsequently analyzed the progeny of early transfected cells in retinae of stage 42 embryos, when most cells in the central retina are postmitotic and fully differentiated (Holt et al, 1988;Stiemke and Hollyfield, 1995). Compared with controls, retinae lipofected with Xbh1 cDNA exhibited a significant increase in the percentage of RGCs, together with a significant decrease of photoreceptor cells (Fig.…”

Section: Xbh1 Promotes Ganglion Cell Fate and Represses Photoreceptormentioning

confidence: 99%

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The homeobox geneXbh1cooperates with proneural genes to specify ganglion cell fate within theXenopusneural retina

et al. 2004

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Recent studies on vertebrate eye development have focused on the molecular mechanisms of specification of different retinal cell types during development. Only a limited number of genes involved in this process has been identified. In Drosophila, BarH genes are necessary for the correct specification of R1/R6 eye photoreceptors. Vertebrate Bar homologues have been identified and are expressed in vertebrate retinal ganglion cells during differentiation; however, their retinal function has not yet been addressed. In this study, we report on the role of the Xenopus Bar homologue Xbh1 in retinal ganglion cell development and its interaction with the proneural genes Xath5 and Xath3, whose ability to promote ganglion cell fate has been demonstrated. We show that XHB1 plays a crucial role in retinal cell determination, acting as a switch towards ganglion cell fate. Detailed expression analysis, animal cap assays and in vivo lipofection assays, indicate that Xbh1 acts as a late transcriptional repressor downstream of the atonal genes Xath3 and Xath5. However, the action of Xbh1 on ganglion cell development is different and more specific than that of the Xath genes, and accounts for only a part of their activities during retinogenesis.

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“…In vertebrate retinas, six types of neurons and one type of glia, i.e., the Mü ller cells, are generated in a temporally regulated manner (Young, 1985;Prada et al, 1991;Stiemke and Hollyfield, 1995;Livesey and Cepko, 2001). It has been well established that all types of retinal neurons and glia are derived from common multipotent progenitor cells (Turner and Cepko, 1987;Holt et al, 1988;Wetts et al, 1989).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cath6, a bHLH atonal family proneural gene, negatively regulates neuronal differentiation in the retina

Kubo

Nakagawa

2010

Developmental Dynamics

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Basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors play important roles in cell type specification and differentiation during the development of the nervous system. In this study, we identified a chicken homolog of Atonal 8/ath6 (Cath6) and examined its role in the developing retina. Unlike other Atonal-family proneural genes that induce neuronal differentiation, Cath6 was expressed in stem cell-like progenitor cells in the marginal region of the retina, and its overexpression inhibited neuronal differentiation. A Cath6 fused with a VP16 transactivation domain recapitulated the inhibitory effect of Cath6 on neuronal differentiation, indicating that Cath6 functions as a transcription activator. These results demonstrate that Cath6 constitutes a unique member of the Atonal-family of genes in that it acts as a negative regulator of neuronal differentiation. Developmental Dynamics 239:2492-2500,

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Cell birthdays in Xenopus laevis retina

Cited by 51 publications

References 16 publications

Regulation of vertebrate eye development by Rx genes

Regulation of vertebrate eye development by Rx genes

The homeobox geneXbh1cooperates with proneural genes to specify ganglion cell fate within theXenopusneural retina

Cath6, a bHLH atonal family proneural gene, negatively regulates neuronal differentiation in the retina

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