2021
DOI: 10.3390/genes12101581
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Cell Death and Survival Pathways Involving ATM Protein Kinase

Abstract: Cell death is the ultimate form of cellular dysfunction, and is induced by a wide range of stresses including genotoxic stresses. During genotoxic stress, two opposite cellular reactions, cellular protection through DNA repair and elimination of damaged cells by the induction of cell death, can occur in both separate and simultaneous manners. ATM (ataxia telangiectasia mutated) kinase (hereafter referred to as ATM) is a protein kinase that plays central roles in the induction of cell death during genotoxic str… Show more

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Cited by 17 publications
(12 citation statements)
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“…The most common procedure is a relatively low-invasive method of SCNT based on the fusion of cytoplast-nuclear donor cell couplets that is induced by electric pulses [34,[97][98][99][100][101] (Table 1). An alternative reconstruction method is a much more invasive microsurgical procedure, in which whole nuclear donor cells [102,103] or somatic-cell-derived karyoplasts [29,44,82,104,105] are microinjected directly into the cytoplasm of enucleated oocytes (Table 1). The karyoplast is a live membrane-bound structure formed as a result of mechanically induced lysis of the whole somatic cell.…”
Section: Dependence Of Epigenetic Mechanisms Underlying Somatic Cell ...mentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…The most common procedure is a relatively low-invasive method of SCNT based on the fusion of cytoplast-nuclear donor cell couplets that is induced by electric pulses [34,[97][98][99][100][101] (Table 1). An alternative reconstruction method is a much more invasive microsurgical procedure, in which whole nuclear donor cells [102,103] or somatic-cell-derived karyoplasts [29,44,82,104,105] are microinjected directly into the cytoplasm of enucleated oocytes (Table 1). The karyoplast is a live membrane-bound structure formed as a result of mechanically induced lysis of the whole somatic cell.…”
Section: Dependence Of Epigenetic Mechanisms Underlying Somatic Cell ...mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The karyoplast is a live membrane-bound structure formed as a result of mechanically induced lysis of the whole somatic cell. It contains the interphase cell nucleus or metaphase chromosomes that are surrounded only by a thin layer of the perinuclear cytoplasm (the so-called perikaryon) [27,[105][106][107][108].…”
Section: Dependence Of Epigenetic Mechanisms Underlying Somatic Cell ...mentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…DDR induces phosphorylation of ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM), enhances expression of histone H2AX phosphorylated on Ser193 (γH2AX), and mediates DNA damage checkpoint protein 1 (5)(6)(7). These proteins induce p53 and activate caspase-3, -6, and -7, resulting in the induction of apoptosis (8). When EBV infection causes DNA damage, ATM is activated as a part of the DDR machinery of the host cell.…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%