Cell Death in Mammalian Development

Penaloza, Carlos G.; Orlanski, Shari; Ye, Y; Entezari-Zaher, T; Javdan, Mohammad; Zakeri, Zahra

doi:10.2174/138161208783378789

Cited by 32 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 142 publications

(184 reference statements)

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“…In typical instances of apoptosis, the death throes of a dying cell comprise membrane blebbing, chromatin condensation, DNA degradation, organelle destruction, and cell shrinkage [1–10]. Ultimately, the process results in the formation of apoptotic bodies that are either phagocytosed (by macrophages or neighboring cells), or simply released into a lumen for subsequent evacuation [1, 2, 4, 7–9, 13]. …”

Section: Cell Survival and Apoptosis: The Ying And Yang Of Life Anmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrin Signaling, Cell Survival, and Anoikis: Distinctions, Differences, and Differentiation

Vachon

2011

Journal of Signal Transduction

127

167

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Cell survival and apoptosis implicate an increasing complexity of players and signaling pathways which regulate not only the decision-making process of surviving (or dying), but as well the execution of cell death proper. The same complex nature applies to anoikis, a form of caspase-dependent apoptosis that is largely regulated by integrin-mediated, cell-extracellular matrix interactions. Not surprisingly, the regulation of cell survival, apoptosis, and anoikis furthermore implicates additional mechanistic distinctions according to the specific tissue, cell type, and species. Incidentally, studies in recent years have unearthed yet another layer of complexity in the regulation of these cell processes, namely, the implication of cell differentiation state-specific mechanisms. Further analyses of such differentiation state-distinct mechanisms, either under normal or physiopathological contexts, should increase our understanding of diseases which implicate a deregulation of integrin function, cell survival, and anoikis.

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Section: Cell Survival and Apoptosis: The Ying And Yang Of Life Anmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrin Signaling, Cell Survival, and Anoikis: Distinctions, Differences, and Differentiation

Vachon

2011

Journal of Signal Transduction

127

167

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“…It is now well understood that normal cells are intrinsically wired by default to undergo apoptosis and, consequently, require the input of signals in order to maintain apoptosis in a suppressed mode when not needed, or warranted [2–6]. Such critical cell survival signals are provided by various extracellular cues, including cell adhesion.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrin/Fak/Src-mediated regulation of cell survival and anoikis in human intestinal epithelial crypt cells: selective engagement and roles of PI3-K isoform complexes

et al. 2012

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In human intestinal epithelial crypt (HIEC) cells, the PI3-K/Akt-1 pathway is crucial for the promotion of cell survival and suppression of anoikis. Class I PI3-K consists of a complex formed by a catalytic (C) and regulatory (R) subunit. Three R (p85α, β, and p55γ) and four C (p110α, β, γ and δ) isoforms are known. Herein, we analyzed the expression of PI3-K isoforms in HIEC cells and determined their roles in cell survival, as well as in the β1 integrin/Fak/Src-mediated suppression of anoikis. We report that: (1) the predominant PI3-K complexes expressed by HIEC cells are p110α/p85β and p110α/p55γ; (2) the inhibition and/or siRNA-mediated expression silencing of p110α, but not that of p110β, γ or δ, results in Akt-1 down-activation and consequent apoptosis; (3) the expression silencing of p85β or p55γ, but not that of p85α, likewise induces Akt-1 down-activation and apoptosis; however, the impact of a loss of p55γ on both Akt-1 activation and cell survival is significantly greater than that from the loss of p85β; and (4) both the p110α/p85β and p110α/p55γ complexes are engaged by β1 integrin/Fak/Src signaling; however, the engagement of p110α/p85β is primarily Src-dependent, whereas that of p110α/p55γ is primarily Fak-dependent (but Src-independent). Hence, HIEC cells selectively express PI3-K isoform complexes, translating into distinct roles in Akt-1 activation and cell survival, as well as in a selective engagement by Fak and/or Src within the context of β1 integrin/Fak/Src-mediated suppression of anoikis.

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“…Apoptosis, a distinctive and highly regulated type of cell suicide, is fundamental for various biological processes such as development [1], tissue homeostasis, DNA damage response [2] and immune response [3]. Development of holometabolous insects is characterized by a complete metamorphosis between the wingless larval stage, mostly dedicated to nutrient acquisition and growth, and the winged adult form, dedicated to reproduction.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comprehensive characterization of the caspase gene family in insects from the order Lepidoptera

et al. 2011

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BackgroundThe cell suicide pathway of apoptosis is a necessary event in the life of multicellular organisms. It is involved in many biological processes ranging from development to the immune response. Evolutionarily conserved proteases, called caspases, play a central role in regulating apoptosis. Reception of death stimuli triggers the activation of initiator caspases, which in turn activate the effector caspases. In Lepidoptera, apoptosis is crucial in processes such as metamorphosis or defending against baculovirus infection. The discovery of p35, a baculovirus protein inhibiting caspase activity, has led to the characterization of the first lepidopteran caspase, Sf-Caspase-1. Studies on Sf-Caspase-1 mode of activation suggested that apoptosis in Lepidoptera requires a cascade of caspase activation, as demonstrated in many other species.ResultsIn order to get insights into this gene family in Lepidoptera, we performed an extensive survey of lepidopteran-derived EST datasets. We identified 66 sequences distributed among 27 species encoding putative caspases. Phylogenetic analyses showed that Lepidoptera possess at least 5 caspases, for which we propose a unified nomenclature. According to homology to their Drosophila counterparts and their primary structure, we determined that Lep-Caspase-1, -2 and -3 are putative effector caspases, whereas Lep-Caspase-5 and -6 are putative initiators. The likely function of Lep-Caspase-4 remains unclear. Lep-Caspase-2 is absent from the silkworm genome and appears to be noctuid-specific, and to have arisen from a tandem duplication of the Caspase-1 gene. In the tobacco hawkmoth, 3 distinct transcripts encoding putative Caspase-4 were identified, suggesting at least 2 duplication events in this species.ConclusionsThe basic repertoire of five major types of caspases shared among Lepidoptera seems to be smaller than for most other groups studied to date, but gene duplication still plays a role in lineage-specific increases in diversity, just as in Diptera and mammals.

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Cell Death in Mammalian Development

Cited by 32 publications

References 142 publications

Integrin Signaling, Cell Survival, and Anoikis: Distinctions, Differences, and Differentiation

Integrin Signaling, Cell Survival, and Anoikis: Distinctions, Differences, and Differentiation

Integrin/Fak/Src-mediated regulation of cell survival and anoikis in human intestinal epithelial crypt cells: selective engagement and roles of PI3-K isoform complexes

A comprehensive characterization of the caspase gene family in insects from the order Lepidoptera

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