Cell Differentiation and Matrix Gene Expression in Mesenchymal Chondrosarcomas

Aigner, Thomas; Loos, Stefan; Müller, S.; Sandell, Linda J.; Unni, K. Krishnan; Kirchner, Thomas

doi:10.1016/s0002-9440(10)65003-1

Cited by 72 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…15,16 The alternative splice variant of collagen type II, COL2A, which is also recognized by antibodies against conventional type II collagen, identifies chondroprogenitor cells, 30 which represent the dominant small cell population in mesenchymal chondrosarcomas. 17 Our study clearly demonstrates that the detection of type II collagen in the extracellular tumor matrix is a sensitive marker for the identification of mesenchymal chondrosarcomas among small cell tumors within and outside the bone. All other Additionally, the presence of collagen (Col) as determined by histochemistry is listed.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 52%

“…In this study, we tried to evaluate whether the expression of type II collagen, a specific marker gene of physiological and neoplastic chondrocytes, 15,16 which was previously shown to be expressed not just in the chondroid areas of mesenchymal chondrosarcomas, 17 is of potential use for the identification of mesenchymal chondrosarcomas without overt cartilage formation. We analyzed small cell areas of a large series of mesenchymal chondrosarcomas and compared the found expression patterns with those detected in synovial sarcomas, Ewing's sarcomas and PNETs, hemangiopericytomas, small cell osteosarcomas and one case of desmoplastic small round cell tumor.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Type II collagen as specific marker for mesenchymal chondrosarcomas compared to other small cell sarcomas of the skeleton

et al. 2005

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Mesenchymal chondrosarcoma is a rare, usually highly malignant chondrogenic neoplasm. The diagnosis of mesenchymal chondrosarcoma can be challenging, it nonetheless has important therapeutic and diagnostic implications. Thus, biopsies of mesenchymal chondrosarcomas without conspicuous cartilaginous differentiation cannot be safely distinguished from other small cell mesenchymal neoplasms such as Ewing's sarcoma and peripheral neuroendrocrine tumors, synovial sarcomas and hemangiopericytomas, because all of these neoplasms might show overlapping histological features, and so far, there have been no safe immunohistochemical markers available in order to differentiate these neoplasms. In our study on a large series of mesenchymal chondrosarcomas (n ¼ 30) and other small cell sarcomas (Ewing's sarcomas (n ¼ 12), synovial sarcomas (n ¼ 6), hemangiopericytomas (n ¼ 5), small cell osteosarcomas (n ¼ 3), and desmoplastic small round cell tumors (n ¼ 1)), we could establish the presence of type II collagen in the extracellular tumor matrix of the small cell areas of mesenchymal chondrosarcomas as a specific and sensitive marker to identify mesenchymal chondrosarcomas and to exclude other small cell neoplasms (except chondroblastic areas in small cell osteosarcomas). In contrast, the S-100 protein was less sensitive and vimentin and total collagen content unspecific for discriminating these neoplasms. Thus, the presence of type II collagen in the extracellular tumor matrix significantly facilitates the diagnosis of mesenchymal chondrosarcomas in the absence of histologically visible chondroid matrix formation.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 52%

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confidence: 99%

Type II collagen as specific marker for mesenchymal chondrosarcomas compared to other small cell sarcomas of the skeleton

et al. 2005

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“…Additionally, the relationship between extraskeletal and skeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma is unclear, 3 and molecular and ultrastructural evidence suggests both being completely different tumor entities. 3,18 Chondrogenic differentiation in fetal development, 20,21 in adult secondary chondrogenesis, 22 and in chondrogenic neoplasms [23][24][25][26] can be identified and monitored by investigating marker genes of chondrocytic differentiation such as collagen subtypes. In particular, collagen types II and X are distinct markers for the chondrocytic cell lineage (for a review see Cancedda et al 27 ).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Using this approach, we previously identified or rejected real neoplastic chondrogenesis independent of morphological appearance in lesions of uncertain origin such as chondroblastomas, 25 mesenchymal chondrosarcomas, 26 chondromyxoid fibromas, 28 and clear cell chondrosarcomas. 23 Thus, for example, chondroblastomas were found to lack chondroid differentiation mainly as they do not express collagen type II, the main marker of chondrocytic differentiation.…”

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Extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcomas do not show a chondrocytic phenotype

2004

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Extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma is a rare mesenchymal soft-tissue malignancy of putative chondrocytic differentiation. Occasional overt cartilage formation, positivity for S-100 protein, and ultrastructural analysis have supported this view. However, most extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcomas do not show chondroid tissue formation, and S-100 protein is found much less commonly than has been reported. Both these observations cast doubt on the histogenetic classification of extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma as a chondroblastic entity. Mostly using matrix proteins as markers of mesenchymal cell differentiation, we investigated the biochemical matrix composition and cellular phenotype of the tumor cells in representative specimens from 14 extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcomas. In all but one tumor specimen, which showed histomorphologically overt cartilage formation, only occasional staining for the proteoglycan aggrecan was found. Specimens from two tumors showed presence of collagen type II, and none was positive for collagen type X. Instead, collagen types I, III, and VI were diffusely positive. Also, S-100 protein was largely absent. Our results suggest that the basic cellular phenotype of extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma is not chondrocytic or prechondrocytic and that extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma is not a chondrosarcomatous entity. Extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma consists most likely of primitive mesenchymal cells with focal, multidirectional differentiation. Chondrocytic differentiation is an unusual facet in the spectrum of differentiation patterns exhibited by these lesions.

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“…Again, a reinvestigation of the case with currently available tools would be worthwhile, which would allow identification and classification of chondrocyte differentiation. 6,7 Overall, clearly single (ie, very exceptional) cases may exist that represents extreme variants of neoplastic differentiation spectra. Whether this includes chondroma-identical pleomorphic adenoma and chondrosarcoma-identical chondroid chordoma requires further investigations.…”

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confidence: 99%