Cell Encapsulation in Biodegradable Hydrogels for Tissue Engineering Applications

Nicodemus, Garret D.; Bryant, Stephanie J.

doi:10.1089/ten.teb.2007.0332

Cited by 1,079 publications

(888 citation statements)

References 139 publications

(207 reference statements)

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“…In faster relaxing gels, however, elastic stresses are dissipated, and chondrocytes form wide regions of cartilage matrix that become interconnected. A similar trend is observed in elastic hydrogels that are engineered to be degradable 12,49 . While it is difficult to compare these approaches, as degradation causes changes of other physical properties, the similarities broadly suggest that engineered degradation and faster relaxation represent two complementary approaches to improving cartilage matrix formation in hydrogels.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 68%

Mechanical confinement regulates cartilage matrix formation by chondrocytes

et al. 2017

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Cartilage tissue equivalents formed from hydrogels containing chondrocytes could provide a solution for replacing damaged cartilage. Previous approaches have often utilized elastic hydrogels. However, elastic stresses may restrict cartilage matrix formation and alter the chondrocyte phenotype. Here we investigated the use of viscoelastic hydrogels, in which stresses are relaxed over time and which exhibit creep, for 3D culture of chondrocytes. We found that faster relaxation promoted a striking increase in the volume of interconnected cartilage matrix formed by chondrocytes. In slower relaxing gels, restriction of cell volume expansion by elastic stresses led to increased secretion of IL-1β, which in turn drove strong up-regulation of genes associated with cartilage degradation and cell death. As no cell adhesion ligands are presented by the hydrogels, these results reveal cell sensing of cell volume confinement as an adhesion-independent mechanism of mechanotransduction in 3D culture, and highlight stress relaxation as a key design parameter for cartilage tissue engineering.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 68%

Mechanical confinement regulates cartilage matrix formation by chondrocytes

et al. 2017

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“…45 It is naturally degraded by hyaluronidase, allowing the degradation to be controlled by the cells that are encapsulated inside the scaffold. 46 Gelatin is formed by breaking the natural triple-helix structure of collagen into single-strand molecules 47 and is less immunogenic than intact collagen. Gelatin promotes cell adhesion, migration, differentiation, and proliferation.…”

Section: Biomaterials Selection and Optimizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Flow Perfusion Bioreactor System for Vocal Fold Tissue Engineering Applications

Latifi

Heris

Thomson

et al. 2016

Tissue Engineering Part C: Methods

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The human vocal folds (VFs) undergo complex biomechanical stimulation during phonation. The aim of the present study was to develop and validate a phono-mimetic VF flow perfusion bioreactor, which mimics the mechanical microenvironment of the human VFs in vitro. The bioreactor uses airflow-induced self-oscillations, which have been shown to produce mechanical loading and contact forces that are representative of human phonation. The bioreactor consisted of two synthetic VF replicas within a silicone body. A cell-scaffold mixture (CSM) consisting of human VF fibroblasts, hyaluronic acid, gelatin, and a polyethylene glycol cross-linker was injected into cavities within the replicas. Cell culture medium (CCM) was perfused through the scaffold by using a customized secondary flow loop. After the injection, the bioreactor was operated with no stimulation over a 3-day period to allow for cell adaptation. Phonation was subsequently induced by using a variable speed centrifugal blower for 2 h each day over a period of 4 days. A similar bioreactor without biomechanical stimulation was used as the nonphonatory control. The CSM was harvested from both VF replicas 7 days after the injection. The results confirmed that the phono-mimetic bioreactor supports cell viability and extracellular matrix proteins synthesis, as expected. Many scaffold materials were found to degrade because of challenges from phonation-induced biomechanical stimulation as well as due to biochemical reactions with the CCM. The bioreactor concept enables future investigations of the effects of different phonatory characteristics, that is, voice regimes, on the behavior of the human VF cells. It will also help study the long-term functional outcomes of the VF-specific biomaterials before animal and clinical studies.

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“…Alginate-based gels can be cross-linked through ionic, covalent and thermal processes. The latter two require modification of alginate and addition of thermosensitive hydrogels (Lee and Mooney, 2012;Nunamaker et al, 2007). Medical applications of alginate include local drug release and wound dressings (Lee and Mooney, 2012).…”

Section: Highlightsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomaterials for intervertebral disc regeneration: past performance and possible future strategies

Schutgens¹,

Tryfonidou²,

Smit³

et al. 2015

eCM

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Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration is associated with most cases of cervical and lumbar spine pathologies, amongst which chronic low back pain has become the number one cause of loss of quality-adjusted life years. In search of alternatives to the current less than optimal and usually highly invasive treatments, regenerative strategies are being devised, none of which has reached clinical practice as yet. Strategies include the use of stem cells, gene therapy, growth factors and biomaterial carriers. Biomaterial carriers are an important component in musculoskeletal regenerative medicine techniques. Several biomaterials, both from natural and synthetic origin, have been used for regeneration of the IVD in vitro and in vivo. Aspects such as ease of use, mechanical properties, regenerative capacity, and their applicability as carriers for regenerative and anti-degenerative factors determine their suitability for IVD regeneration. The current review provides an overview of the biomaterials used with respect to these properties, including their drawbacks. In addition, as biomaterial application until now appears to have been based on a mix of mere availability and intuition, a more rational design is proposed for future use of biomaterials for IVD regeneration. Ideally, high-throughput screening is used to identify optimally effective materials, or alternatively medium content comparative studies should be carried out to determine an appropriate reference material for future studies on novel materials.

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Cell Encapsulation in Biodegradable Hydrogels for Tissue Engineering Applications

Cited by 1,079 publications

References 139 publications

Mechanical confinement regulates cartilage matrix formation by chondrocytes

Mechanical confinement regulates cartilage matrix formation by chondrocytes

A Flow Perfusion Bioreactor System for Vocal Fold Tissue Engineering Applications

Biomaterials for intervertebral disc regeneration: past performance and possible future strategies

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