Cell encapsulation modes in a flow-focusing microchannel: effects of shell fluid viscosity

Nooranidoost, Mohammad; Haghshenas, Majid; Muradoğlu, Metin; Kumar, Ranganathan

doi:10.1007/s10404-019-2196-z

Cited by 18 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…On the other hand, the compounddrop model yielded the results that were consistent with the experimental measurements of lymphocyte deformation. More recently, Nooranidoost et al 42 developed a compound-droplet model to study encapsulation of biological cells in a flow-focusing geometry. They developed a phase diagram for a range of inner and outer capillary numbers, identified four different cell encapsulation modes and determined the conditions for the single cell encapsulation as the favorable mode for bioprinting systems.…”

Section: Articlementioning

confidence: 99%

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A computational study of droplet-based bioprinting: Effects of viscoelasticity

2019

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Section: Articlementioning

confidence: 99%

“…They also examined the effect of viscoelasticity on formation of cell-encapsulating droplets. 43 They found that success rate for the single cell encapsulation may be improved by adjusting viscoelasticity of the shell fluid.…”

Section: Articlementioning

confidence: 99%

A computational study of droplet-based bioprinting: Effects of viscoelasticity

2019

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“…This study will focus on FF devices with an orifice. Aside from experimental results, many numerical studies have extensively explored these channel designs (Gupta et al 2009;Gupta and Matharoo 2014;Nooranidoost 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of surface coating on droplet generation in flow-focusing microchannels

Palogan

Kumar

Bhattacharya

2020

Microfluid Nanofluid

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Different stages of droplet generation are reported in this paper with two immiscible liquids, silicone oil and deionized water, inside a flow-focusing device for hydrophobic and hydrophilic channel walls. Hydrophobic and hydrophilic channels of identical geometry are compared. In this first set of experiments, the efficacy of the hydrophobic channel is compared with a square cross junction for a continuous oil phase with low viscosity. In the hydrophobic case, the flow-focusing design with a diverging outlet delays jetting and allows for the use of higher flow rate ratios in the squeezing regime. For the hydrophilic case, stable and well-structured droplet and slug generation can be achieved using oil and water, resulting in an inverse emulsion. However, the morphology of the fluid interface displays an unusual behavior compared to that of a hydrophobic microchannel. The droplet generation in the hydrophilic channel occurs following the formation of single and double T-junctions, a phenomenon hitherto unreported in the literature. The results demonstrate that the uncoated hydrophobic channels generate monodisperse droplets at a higher capillary number when compared to the hydrophilic channels.

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“…Margination 11 , 12 and adhesion 13 of CTC and WBC have also been studied which shows a firm adhesion of cells in a small capillary. Our team modeled the encapsulation of single cells in flow focusing geometries 14 , 15 and deformation of encapsulated cells in bioprinting systems 16 , identified various modes of encapsulation and showed that the microfluidic device 15 needs to be carefully designed to achieve a high success rate of single cell encapsulation. The fluid properties can also influence encapsulation 14 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Our team modeled the encapsulation of single cells in flow focusing geometries 14 , 15 and deformation of encapsulated cells in bioprinting systems 16 , identified various modes of encapsulation and showed that the microfluidic device 15 needs to be carefully designed to achieve a high success rate of single cell encapsulation. The fluid properties can also influence encapsulation 14 . Our work on bio-printing systems also examined the importance of bio-ink viscoelasticity on cell deformation and survivability of the cell 16 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving viability of leukemia cells by tailoring shell fluid rheology in constricted microcapillary

Nooranidoost

Kumar

2020

Sci Rep

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Encapsulated cell therapy has shown great potential in the treatment of several forms of cancer. Microencapsulation of these cancer cells can protect the core from the harmful effects of the neighboring cellular environment and can supply nutrients and oxygen. Such an encapsulation technique ensures cell viability and enables targeted drug delivery in cancer therapy. The cells immobilized with a biocompatible shell material can be isolated from the ambient and can move in constricted microcapillary. However, transportation of these cells through the narrow microcapillary may squeeze and mechanically damage the cells which threaten the cell viability. The cell type, conditions and the viscoelastic properties of the shell can dictate cell viability. A front-tracking numerical simulation shows that the engineered shell material with higher viscoelasticity improves the cell viability. It is also shown that low cortical tension of cells can contribute to lower cell viability. Cancer cell mechanics have been extensively studied in microfluidic systems for cell sorting 1 , cell banking 2 and cancer therapy 3. Several research papers have classified cancer cells based on their mechanical properties, which can be utilized for the development of innovative diagnostic devices 3-6. The cancer cell deformation has been studied as a tool to sort healthy and unhealthy cells for cancer therapies and to disrupt the metastatic process 3. Microfluidic optical stretchers can deliver individual cells 7. The experiments on malignant transformation of human breast epithelial cells characterized the relationship between cellular function and cytoskeletal mechanical properties. The cancer cells may deform up to five times more than the healthy cells and that the metastatic cancer cells have a tendency to deform more than the non-metastatic cancer cells 7. Encapsulation of various cancer cells has been done over long culture periods using tumor microsphere and spheroids models 2. This study showed a higher uniformity and lower variability in diameter and circularity of the tumor microspheres over self-aggregated tumor spheroids, however both models can assure high cell viability. A mathematical model also has been developed to characterize the cellular interaction with endothelium that showed a larger deformation of cancer cells compared to healthy cells during metastasis 5. Thus, while encapsulation techniques in microchannels improve cell viability and target delivery, it is important to study the deformation of encapsulated leukemia cells in constricted microchannels. Although numerous experiments have been conducted in cell biophysics, modeling simulations of cell mechanics in bio-microfluidic systems have been lacking largely due to the complexity of the system. Lykov et al. 8 reviewed recent modeling approaches for cell mechanics simulations. It is possible to develop computational models to study the flow phenomena for different suspended cells such as white blood cells (WBC), circulating tumor cells (CTC) and other cancer cells. T...

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Cell encapsulation modes in a flow-focusing microchannel: effects of shell fluid viscosity

Cited by 18 publications

References 50 publications

A computational study of droplet-based bioprinting: Effects of viscoelasticity

A computational study of droplet-based bioprinting: Effects of viscoelasticity

Effect of surface coating on droplet generation in flow-focusing microchannels

Improving viability of leukemia cells by tailoring shell fluid rheology in constricted microcapillary

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