Cell equalisation circuits: A review

Carter, Jonathan; Fan, Zhong; Cao, Jun

doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2019.227489

Cited by 79 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…In contrast to an inefficient passive method above, the active battery balancing will transfer energy from the stronger cell/module to the weaker cell/module using a variety of balancing methods such as capacitor-based active balancing [5][6][7][8], inductor/transformer-based active balancing [9][10][11][12][13][14], and converterbased active balancing [15][16][17][18][19]. The active and passive balancing methods for lithium-based batteries have also been studied thoroughly in [1], [20][21][22][23][24]. In addition, a comparison between different balancing methods has been reported by [23][24][25][26][27][28], where the balancing methodology is classified depending on the number of switches, transformers, capacitors, inductors, diodes, modularity, complexity, reliability, cost, and so on.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The active and passive balancing methods for lithium-based batteries have also been studied thoroughly in [1], [20][21][22][23][24]. In addition, a comparison between different balancing methods has been reported by [23][24][25][26][27][28], where the balancing methodology is classified depending on the number of switches, transformers, capacitors, inductors, diodes, modularity, complexity, reliability, cost, and so on.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Active battery balancing system for electric vehicles based on cell charger

Amin

Budiman

Kaleg

et al. 2021

IJPEDS

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Cell imbalance can cause negative effects such as early stopping of the battery charging and discharging process which can reduce its capacity. In the previous active balancing research, the energy used for the balancing process was taken from the cell or battery pack, resulting in drop of electric vehicle driving range. In this paper, a cell charger based battery balancing system is proposed with a reduction in the number of switches. The use of a cell charger aims to increase the usable energy of the battery pack, since the energy used for the balancing process is taken directly from the grid. The use of fewer switches aims to reduce the cost and space used on the battery management system (BMS) hardware. The charger used for the balancing process has a maximum current of 3 A and a maximum voltage of 3.65 V while the number of switches used is n+5 for n batteries. A 15S1P 200 Ah LiFePO4 battery pack consists of 15 cells used for testing purpose. The test results show that the time needed to equalize the 15 cell battery voltage reaches 6 hours from the difference between the highest and lowest battery cell voltages of 145.1 mV to 15.1 mV.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Active battery balancing system for electric vehicles based on cell charger

Amin

Budiman

Kaleg

et al. 2021

IJPEDS

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In contrast to an inefficient passive method above, the active battery balancing will transfer energy from the stronger cell/module to the weaker cell/module using a variety of balancing methods such as capacitor-based active balancing [5]- [8], inductor/transformer-based active balancing [9]- [14], and converterbased active balancing [15]- [19]. The active and passive balancing methods for lithium-based batteries have also been studied thoroughly in [1], [20]- [24]. In addition, a comparison between different balancing methods has been reported by [23]- [28], where the balancing methodology is classified depending on the number of switches, transformers, capacitors, inductors, diodes, modularity, complexity, reliability, cost, and so on.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Active battery balancing system for electric vehicles based on cell charger

Amin¹,

Budiman²,

Kaleg³

et al. 2021

IJPEDS

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Cell imbalance can cause negative effects such as early stopping of the battery charging and discharging process which can reduce its capacity. In the previous active balancing research, the energy used for the balancing process was taken from the cell or battery pack, resulting in drop of electric vehicle driving range. In this paper, a cell charger based battery balancing system is proposed with a reduction in the number of switches. The use of a cell charger aims to increase the usable energy of the battery pack, since the energy used for the balancing process is taken directly from the grid. The use of fewer switches aims to reduce the cost and space used on the battery management system (BMS) hardware. The charger used for the balancing process has a maximum current of 3 A and a maximum voltage of 3.65 V while the number of switches used is n+5 for n batteries. A 15S1P 200 Ah LiFePO4 battery pack consists of 15 cells used for testing purpose. The test results show that the time needed to equalize the 15 cell battery voltage reaches 6 hours from the difference between the highest and lowest battery cell voltages of 145.1 mV to 15.1 mV.

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“…In the last decade, considerable balancing architectures with various balancing strategies have been proposed in the literature [15][16][17][18][19][20][21] to solve the problem of cell imbalance. Based on the energy transfer manner, the equalizer is divided into passive and active types [22][23][24]. The passive type, also known as "resistor bleeding balancing," achieves equalization using shunt resistors to dissipate surplus energies stored in cells with high voltage.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Non-Dissipative Equalizer with Fast Energy Transfer Based on Adaptive Balancing Current Control

Wang

Liu

2020

Electronics

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In this study, an active inductive equalizer with fast energy transfer based on adaptive balancing current control is proposed to rapidly equilibrate lithium-ion battery packs. A multiphase structure of equalizer formed by many specific parallel converter legs (PCLs) with bidirectional energy conversion serves as the power transfer stage to make the charge shuttle back and forth between the cell and sub-pack or sub-pack and sub-pack more flexible and efficient. This article focuses on dealing with the problem of slow balancing rate, which inherently arises from the reduction of balancing current as the voltage difference between the cells or sub-packs decreases, especially in the later period of equalization. An adaptive varied-duty-cycle (AVDC) algorithm is put forward here to accelerate the balance process. The devised method has taken the battery nonlinear behavior and the nonideality of circuit component into consideration and can adaptively modulate the duty cycle with the change of voltage differences to maintain balancing current nearly constant in the whole equilibrating procedure. Test results derived from simulations and experiments are provided to demonstrate the validity and effectiveness of the equalizer prototype constructed. Comparing with the conventional fixed duty cycle (FDC) method, the improvements of 68.3% and 8.3% in terms of balance time and efficiency have been achieved.

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Cell equalisation circuits: A review

Cited by 79 publications

References 63 publications

Active battery balancing system for electric vehicles based on cell charger

Active battery balancing system for electric vehicles based on cell charger

Active battery balancing system for electric vehicles based on cell charger

A Non-Dissipative Equalizer with Fast Energy Transfer Based on Adaptive Balancing Current Control

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