Cell-filling reinforced materials for improving the low-velocity impact performance of composite square honeycomb sandwiches: Polymethacrylimide foam vs. aluminum foam

Song, Shenyou; Xiong, Chao; Yin, Junhui; Yang, Zhaoshu; Han, Chao; Zhang, Sa

doi:10.1016/j.aej.2023.07.034

Cited by 12 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 32 publications

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“…PMI is characterized by a high specific strength, high specific modulus, high heat resistance, compression resistance, corrosion resistance, and good dielectric properties. It is an ideal core material for high-performance sandwich structure composites [ 21 ]. In contrast to conventional foam materials, employing PMI as the foam core in the FWRCSP substantially enhances the bending and shear ultimate load capacity and stiffness, thus facilitating the widespread application of the FWRCSP in aerospace and aviation industries.…”

Section: Sample Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-Destructive Testing of a Fiber-Web-Reinforced Polymethacrylimide Foam Sandwich Panel with Terahertz Time-Domain Spectroscopy

Liu,

Hu,

Zhang

et al. 2024

Sensors

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Terahertz (THz) non-destructive testing can detect internal defects in dielectric materials. However, this technology is mainly used for detecting thin and simple structures at present, lacking validations for the detection effectiveness of internal defects in thicker and more complex structures, such as fiber-web-reinforced composite sandwich panels. In this study, samples of fiber-web-reinforced polymethacrylimide foam sandwich panels, which are, respectively, 20 mm and 30 mm thick, were made to detect the internal debonding, inclusion, pore, and crack defects by the THz time-domain spectroscopy system (THz-TDS). The peak-to-peak-imaging algorithm, maximum-amplitude-imaging algorithm, minimum-amplitude-imaging algorithm, pulse-width-imaging algorithm, and time-of-flight-imaging algorithm were used to process and image the collected THz signals. The results showed that the peak-to-peak-imaging algorithm had the best performance. To address the low imaging resolution of THz-TDS, a block-based super-resolution reconstruction method—SSSRGAN—is proposed, which can improve image resolution while maintaining the clear edge contours of defects. The defect-detection results of the samples showed that THz-TDS could detect all pore, debonding, and crack defects, with a minimum size of 3 mm for pores and debonding and a minimum thickness of 1 mm for cracks. The method showed poor detection performance for inclusions with a thickness of 0.053 mm, but could still extract the defect features. Based on the THz-TDS reflection mode measurement principle, the thickness information of the panel, foam core, and web of the samples was calculated: the measurement error was no more than 0.870 mm for Sample #1 and no more than 0.270 mm for Sample #2, demonstrating the accuracy of THz-TDS in measuring the dimensions of sandwich panel structures. In general, THz technology shows potential for detecting internal defects and performing dimensional measurements in complex structures. With the advancement of portable devices and enhancements in detection speed, real-time on-site detection is anticipated in the future.

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Section: Sample Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-Destructive Testing of a Fiber-Web-Reinforced Polymethacrylimide Foam Sandwich Panel with Terahertz Time-Domain Spectroscopy

Liu,

Hu,

Zhang

et al. 2024

Sensors

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Low‐velocity impact responses of polymethacrylimide foam–reinforced all‐composite Kagome honeycomb sandwich structures

Song,

Yin,

Liu

et al. 2024

Polymer Composites

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This article reports a carbon fiber–reinforced plastic Kagome composite honeycomb sandwich structure reinforced with polymethacrylimide (PMI) foam (PKCSS). Low‐velocity impact performances on the node, rib, and two cell centers of the PKCSS were experimentally compared with those on a composite Kagome honeycomb sandwich (CKHS), and the failure mechanism of the PKCSS was investigated. The impact process was analyzed through an explicit numerical analysis using ABAQUS. A three‐dimensional Hashin failure criterion was introduced using the VUMAT subroutine. Results confirmed that the PKCSS exhibits higher impact and specific loads than the CKHS, with the maximum improvements of 69.7% and 39.5%, respectively, under 50‐J impact energy. As an uncrushable material, the PMI foam provides strong impact resistance during its plateau stage. This technology of cell filling can be used to fabricate lightweight all‐composite honeycomb sandwiches for potential use in ultrahigh engineering applications.Highlights Cell filling is applied in an all‐composite Kagome honeycomb sandwich. The LVI performances of the PKCSS and CKHS are experimentally compared. C‐scanning is used to analyze the failure of the considered structures. The PKCSS's numerical model is established to investigate the impact process. The enhancement mechanism of the PMI foam is analyzed.

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Fabrication of emulsion‐templated open‐cell polymethacrylimide foam

You,

Liu,

et al. 2024

Journal of Polymer Science

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In this work, the emulsion‐templating technique is proposed to fabricate polymethacrylimide (PMI) foam for the first time. Different from those PMI foam reported in the literature, having a closed‐cell structure with submillimeter‐sized voids, the emulsion‐templated PMI foam has an obvious open‐cell structure with micrometer‐sized voids. The pore structure, density, and porosity of the PMI foam herein could be tuned by simply changing the internal phase volume fraction and/or the surfactant concentration of the emulsion template. The density of PMI foam is varied between 0.174 and 0.350 g·cm−3. The prepared PMI foam exhibited excellent mechanical properties, the compressive strength and compressive modulus ranged from 4.87 to 7.48 MPa and from 58.67 to 124.67 MPa, respectively, which are both much higher than the traditional closed‐cell PMI foams with similar density. The prepared PMI foam has excellent thermal resistance with its initial thermal decomposition temperature of 325°C in nitrogen and 253°C in air. The novel porous structure combined with its high strength and high heat resistance would expand the application of PMI foam.

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Cell-filling reinforced materials for improving the low-velocity impact performance of composite square honeycomb sandwiches: Polymethacrylimide foam vs. aluminum foam

Cited by 12 publications

References 32 publications

Non-Destructive Testing of a Fiber-Web-Reinforced Polymethacrylimide Foam Sandwich Panel with Terahertz Time-Domain Spectroscopy

Non-Destructive Testing of a Fiber-Web-Reinforced Polymethacrylimide Foam Sandwich Panel with Terahertz Time-Domain Spectroscopy

Low‐velocity impact responses of polymethacrylimide foam–reinforced all‐composite Kagome honeycomb sandwich structures

Fabrication of emulsion‐templated open‐cell polymethacrylimide foam

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