Cell lineage analysis in ascidian embryos by intracellular injection of a tracer enzyme

Nishida, Hiroki

doi:10.1016/0012-1606(87)90188-6

Cited by 549 publications

(467 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…These effects appear even in listeners without any musical training (9,11). The perceptual and cognitive structures that facilitate listening to music may thus be learned implicitly (2,(12)(13)(14)(15).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…First, the ascidian tadpole is composed of only about 2500 cells, and there is extensive information on the cell lineage of most major tissues and organs (11,12). Second, the blastomeres of early embryos are large and easy to manipulate; they permit the detailed visualization of differential gene expression during development (6)(7)(8)(9)(10).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Draft Genome of Ciona intestinalis : Insights into Chordate and Vertebrate Origins

Dehal

Satou

Campbell

et al. 2002

Science

1,530

1,169

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The first chordates appear in the fossil record at the time of the Cambrian explosion, nearly 550 million years ago. The modern ascidian tadpole represents a plausible approximation to these ancestral chordates. To illuminate the origins of chordate and vertebrates, we generated a draft of the protein-coding portion of the genome of the most studied ascidian, Ciona intestinalis. The Ciona genome contains ϳ16,000 protein-coding genes, similar to the number in other invertebrates, but only half that found in vertebrates. Vertebrate gene families are typically found in simplified form in Ciona, suggesting that ascidians contain the basic ancestral complement of genes involved in cell signaling and development. The ascidian genome has also acquired a number of lineage-specific innovations, including a group of genes engaged in cellulose metabolism that are related to those in bacteria and fungi.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Draft Genome of Ciona intestinalis : Insights into Chordate and Vertebrate Origins

Dehal

Satou

Campbell

et al. 2002

Science

1,530

1,169

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The ascidian tadpole is composed of only Ϸ2,600 cells, and there is extensive information on the cell lineage of most major tissues and organs (4,5). The blastomeres of early embryos are large and easy to manipulate, which permits the detailed visualization of differential gene expression during development (2).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Germ-line transgenesis of the Tc1/ mariner superfamily transposon Minos in Ciona intestinalis

Sasakura

Awazu

Chiba

et al. 2003

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

118

110

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The tadpole larva of the basal chordate Ciona intestinalis has the most simplified, basic body-plan of chordates. Because it has a compact genome with a complete draft sequence, a large quantity of EST͞cDNA information, and a short generation time, Ciona is a suitable model for future genetics. We establish here a transgenic technique in Ciona that uses the Tc1͞mariner superfamily transposon Minos. Minos was integrated efficiently into the genome of germ cells and transmitted stably to subsequent generations. In addition, an enhancer-trap line was obtained. This is a demonstration of efficient, Minos-mediated transgenesis in marine invertebrates.ascidian ͉ transgenic technique ͉ enhancer trap

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“…The Na channels in the isolated a4-2 were different from those in the a4-2 contacted by the A4-1 and rather similar to those in the egg. is in A4-1, but B4-1 has been proved to contain a small part of the presumptive notochordal region by a cell-lineage study with the horseradish peroxidase injection method (19). (Lower) The a4-2 and the a4-2 contacted by A4-1 were separated from an eight-cell embryo, cleavage-arrested with CB; and further cultured until the control embryo hatched as a tadpole larva.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A simple "neural induction" model with two interacting cleavage-arrested ascidian blastomeres.

Okado

Takahashi

1988

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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A single anterior-animal blastomere, which includes the presumptive neural region in the eight-cell embryo of the Halocynthia, a protochordate, when dissociated, cleavage-arrested with cytochalasin B, and cultured in isolation, differentiated exclusively to epidermal type judging from membrane excitability and immunoreactivity. However, when the same blastomere was cultured in contact with a single anterior-vegetal blastomere, which includes the presumptive notochordal region, it displayed Na spikes and showed no expression of the epidermal antigen, suggesting that "neural induction" resulted in a single cell during the interaction with a single neighboring cell. This simple two-cell system can be used for further studies on the induction mechanism.In spite of extensive studies (1-3), the mechanism of neural induction is still elusive. Part of the difficulty is due to the complexity of the multicellular interaction. If It has been shown that in the ascidian embryo cell cleavage is not necessary for differentiation of tissue-specific enzymes (4), antigens (5, 6), ultrastructural features (7), and various types of membrane excitability (5,8,9). Thus, when an embryo was cleavage-arrested at early stages and cultured, the large blastomeres further differentiated into neural, epidermal, muscular, or nonexcitable type, judging electrophysiologically from the type ofmembrane excitability (9). For example, Na spikes, indicating neural type differentiation, were observed in the anterior-animal blastomere, termed a4-2 (see Fig. 1), which includes the presumptive neural region, in 20% of the cleavage-arrested eight-cell embryos examined (9).Furthermore, in the ascidian embryo, a prototype of vertebrate embryos (10,11), it has been shown that the neural tissue develops from the presumptive neural region only after induction from the group of blastomeres that includes the presumptive notochordal and some endodermal regions (12, 13).Actually, in 1946, Reverberi and Minganti (12) described that induction from the anterior-vegetal quarter ofthe embryo, which is included in the anterior-vegetal blastomeres (A4-1s) at the eight-cell stage, is required for the development of the brain vesicle, sensory organs, and palps from the a4-2 in the ascidian tadpole larva (12,13). Therefore, we expect that if a cleavage-arrested a4-2 from the eight-cell embryo is cultured in isolation, the neural type differentiation will never be expressed; instead, if a4-2 is cultured in contact with A4-1, the neural type of differentiation will be expressed (see Fig. 1). MATERIALS AND METHODSCulturing a Single Blastomere from the Ascidian Eight-Cell Embryo. Adult animals with eggs and sperm of Halocynthia roretzi Drashe were obtained from the seashore of northern Japan and were maintained in circulating seawater at 3YC. When transferred into seawater at 10'C, they spawned eggs and sperm during the daytime of the next several days. Eggs from one animal were fertilized by mixing with naturally spawned sperm or with surgically obtained sperm from ...

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Cell lineage analysis in ascidian embryos by intracellular injection of a tracer enzyme

Cited by 549 publications

References 25 publications

The Draft Genome of Ciona intestinalis : Insights into Chordate and Vertebrate Origins

The Draft Genome of Ciona intestinalis : Insights into Chordate and Vertebrate Origins

Germ-line transgenesis of the Tc1/ mariner superfamily transposon Minos in Ciona intestinalis

A simple "neural induction" model with two interacting cleavage-arrested ascidian blastomeres.

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