Cell lineage distribution atlas of the human stomach reveals heterogeneous gland populations in the gastric antrum

Abstract

Objective The glands of the stomach body and antral mucosa contain a complex compendium of cell lineages. In lower mammals, the distribution of oxyntic glands and antral glands define the anatomical regions within the stomach. We examined in detail the distribution of the full range of cell lineages within the human stomach. Design We determined the distribution of gastric gland cell lineages with specific immunocytochemical markers in entire stomach specimens from three non-obese organ donors. Results The anatomical body and antrum of the human stomach were defined by the presence of ghrelin and gastrin cells, respectively. Concentrations of somatostatin cells were observed in the proximal stomach. Parietal cells were seen in all glands of the body of stomach as well as in over 50% of antral glands. MIST1-expressing chief cells were predominantly observed in the body, although individual glands of the antrum also showed MIST1-expressing chief cells. While classically-described antral glands were observed with gastrin cells and deep antral mucous cells without any parietal cells, we also observed a substantial population of mixed-type glands containing both parietal cells and G cells throughout the antrum. Conclusions Enteroendocrine cells show distinct patterns of localization in the human stomach. The existence of antral glands with mixed cell lineages indicates that human antral glands may be functionally chimeric with glands assembled from multiple distinct stem cell populations.

The gastric acid pocket is attenuated inH. pyloriinfected subjects

“…This is consistent with the infection and inflammation causing a loss in gastric glands and also with the previous literature showing that the development of parietal and chief cells is intimately linked 18. We did not measure the secretion of pepsin and other digestive enzymes produced by the chief cells, but their reduced density is likely to be associated with reduced secretory capacity after the meal.…”

Reprogrammed Stomach Tissue as a Renewable Source of Functional β Cells for Blood Glucose Regulation

“…Global expression of NPM factors also induced few insulin + cells in the fundus (Figure S1). Thus, gastric corpus endocrine cells, which are distinct from those in the antrum or intestine (Choi et al, 2014; Li et al, 2014a) and mainly derive from Ngn3-independent lineages (Li et al, 2014a; Schonhoff et al, 2004b), are not amenable to NPM-mediated β cell conversion. What might account for this resistance?…”

Gastrin and Gastric Cancer

“…These cells are not found in the antral glands where instead the gastrin-producing G-cell is localized. Previously, a sharp border between the oxyntic and antral mucosa was presumed, but recent work has shown that there is overlap with oxyntic glandular elements occurring in the antral mucosa (10). Nevertheless, taking into consideration the differences between the oxyntic and the antral mucosa, it should be obvious that gastric carcinomas should be classified anatomically according to mucosa of origin and not as presently only into cardiac and distal carcinomas with the latter comprising both oxyntic and antral starting point.…”