Cell membrane biomimetic nanomedicines for cancer phototherapy

Abstract

Phototherapy, mainly including photothermal therapy (PTT) and photodynamic therapy (PDT), can kill cancer cells by generating heat or reactive oxygen species, which has the advantages of being minimally invasive, high efficiency, and low toxicity. However, traditional phototherapeutic agents face challenges such as poor tumor targeting, susceptibility to passive immune clearance, and suboptimal biocompatibility, which limit their clinical application. Recently, cell membrane biomimetic technology endows phototherapeutic agents with unique biological functions, such as promoted immune escape, prolonged in vivo circulation time, improved biocompatibility, and enhanced anti-tumor efficacy. In addition, phototherapy mediated by cancer cell membrane (CCM) or immune cell membrane-modified phototherapeutic agents can promote broad anti-tumor immunity. In this review, we deeply analyze the mechanisms of PTT and PDT, systematically discuss the synthesis strategies and biological functions of cell membrane biomimetic nanomaterials, and focus on the progress of phototherapy based on biomimetic nanomaterials and synergistic therapies such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy, immunotherapy, and sonodynamic therapy. Finally, we address the opportunities and future prospects of biomimetic nanomaterials in the field of cancer phototherapy. This comprehensive review is expected to provide insights into promoting the clinical translation of biomimetic phototherapeutic agents.

Esculetin Alleviates IL-1β-Evoked Nucleus Pulposus Cell Death, Extracellular Matrix Remodeling, and Inflammation by Activating Nrf2/HO-1/NF-kb

“…As a key participator, inflammatory response usually occurs after injury and influences various pathogenic processes, such as cancer, IVDD, and IVDD-evoked pain, by inducing abundant releases of proinflammatory mediators and cytokines. ,, A growing body of evidence supports the fact that IVDD is commonly accompanied by increased levels of proinflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1β. , Notably, abundant production of these inflammatory factors will induce a local inflammatory response, which facilitates the catabolism of ECM and leads to the dysfunction and structural changes of IVD. , For instance, inflammatory mediator iNOS plays an important role in the inflammatory processes via accelerating the production of NO, thereby triggering the progression of IVDD . In this study, IL-1β exposure enhanced the expression levels of inflammatory mediator iNOS, NO, and inflammatory cytokine IL-6 and TNF-α in human NPCs.…”

“…20 As a key participator, inflammatory response usually occurs after injury and influences various pathogenic processes, such as cancer, IVDD, and IVDD-evoked pain, by inducing abundant releases of proinflammatory mediators and cytokines. 5,9,35 A growing body of evidence supports the fact that IVDD is commonly accompanied by increased levels of proinflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1β. 7,36 Notably, abundant production of these inflammatory factors will induce a local inflammatory response, which facilitates the catabolism of ECM and leads to the dysfunction and structural changes of IVD.…”

IRGD-modified erythrocyte membrane biomimetic temozolomide nanodots for the treatment of glioblastoma

“…The original text has been updated and accurately reflects these advancements [16,17]. This biomimetic design strategy and the associated functionality of nanoparticles provide a new horizon for drug delivery and disease treatment [18][19][20].…”

Engineered Enzyme-Loaded Erythrocyte Vesicles Precisely Deprive Tumoral Nutrients to Induce Synergistic Near-Infrared-II Photothermal Therapy and Immune Activation

“…Studies have shown that the enzymes could be preloaded in nanomaterials with porous structure, followed by coating a lipid membrane to improve the pharmacokinetics and stability. − However, in this approach, the release of the embedded enzymes is hard to control, and the poor biodegradability and the long-term toxicity of most nanomaterials compromised their practical applications . Evidence shows that the lipid membrane-based nanovesicles themselves perform superior properties than most nanomaterials in biocompatibility, immunogenicity, and clinical transformation potential () as drug delivery systems . Thus, loading enzymes directly into lipid membrane-based nanovesicles should be a promising strategy.…”