Cell membrane-camouflaged PLGA biomimetic system for diverse biomedical application

Abstract

The emerging cell membrane (CM)-camouflaged poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) nanoparticles (NPs) (CM@PLGA NPs) have witnessed tremendous developments since coming to the limelight. Donning a novel membrane coat on traditional PLGA carriers enables combining the strengths of PLGA with cell-like behavior, including inherently interacting with the surrounding environment. Thereby, the in vivo defects of PLGA (such as drug leakage and poor specific distribution) can be overcome, its therapeutic potential can be amplified, and additional novel functions beyond drug delivery can be conferred. To elucidate the development and promote the clinical transformation of CM@PLGA NPs, the commonly used anucleate and eukaryotic CMs have been described first. Then, CM engineering strategies, such as genetic and nongenetic engineering methods and hybrid membrane technology, have been discussed. The reviewed CM engineering technologies are expected to enrich the functions of CM@PLGA for diverse therapeutic purposes. Third, this article highlights the therapeutic and diagnostic applications and action mechanisms of PLGA biomimetic systems for cancer, cardiovascular diseases, virus infection, and eye diseases. Finally, future expectations and challenges are spotlighted in the concept of translational medicine.

Engineered exosomes as a prospective therapy for diabetic foot ulcers

“…Despite the use of numerous nanoparticles for clinical antibiotic delivery, complex targeting strategies often fail to optimize synthetic nanosystems [ 188 ]. The process of incorporating ligands or domains onto nanoparticle surfaces involves multiple ‘top-down’ chemical conjugation steps and labor-intensive work, often utilizing organic solvents and highly reactive chemical reagents that are environmentally unfriendly [ 189 ]. Recently, biomimetic nanoparticles derived from exosome membranes have emerged as a promising alternative for targeted drug delivery, offering additional functionality such as immune evasion and prolonged blood circulation time [ 190 ].…”

Properties of Poly (Lactic-co-Glycolic Acid) and Progress of Poly (Lactic-co-Glycolic Acid)-Based Biodegradable Materials in Biomedical Research

“…On the other hand, biomimetic DDSs using PLGA as a substrate and modified with cell membranes (CM) are also becoming a popular topic of research [ 109 ]. The use of CM coatings can inhibit the sudden release of PLGA NPs to some extent, enhancing immune escape from the organism and improving its targeting.…”

Targeted Delivery of Macrophage Membrane Biomimetic Liposomes Through Intranasal Administration for Treatment of Ischemic Stroke

“… 28 , 29 Biomimetic nanosystems based on cell membranes can disguise themselves as cells of the body, evading immune system detection, preventing engulfment, and prolonging circulation time. 30 Simultaneously, nanoparticles can be targeted to lesions by using different cell membrane coatings. 23 , 31 Ischemic stroke is often accompanied by an inflammatory reaction.…”