Cell membrane-derived nanomaterials for biomedical applications

Abstract

The continued evolution of biomedical nanotechnology has enabled clinicians to better detect, prevent, manage, and treat human disease. In order to further push the limits of nanoparticle performance and functionality, there has recently been a paradigm shift towards biomimetic design strategies. By taking inspiration from nature, the goal is to create next-generation nanoparticle platforms that can more effectively navigate and interact with the incredibly complex biological systems that exist within the body. Of great interest are cellular membranes, which play essential roles in biointerfacing, self-identification, signal transduction, and compartmentalization. In this review, we explore the major ways in which researchers have directly leveraged cell membrane-derived biomaterials for the fabrication of novel nanotherapeutics and nanodiagnostics. Such emerging technologies have the potential to significantly advance the field of nanomedicine, helping to improve upon traditional modalities while also enabling novel applications.

Remote Loading of Small‐Molecule Therapeutics into Cholesterol‐Enriched Cell‐Membrane‐Derived Vesicles

“…Along these lines, there has been a significant shift towards bioinspired or biomimetic design principles. [3] This is motivated by the fact that biological systems have been carefully cultivated over time by the process of evolution. Despite the significant advances made in bottom-up, synthetic nanofabrication, it is still incredibly difficult to replicate the complex functionalities found in nature.…”

Biomedical applications of mRNA nanomedicine

“…Among these hybrid nanoparticles, lipid-polymer hybrid nanoparticles (LPNs) are an archetypal example of an emerging generation of therapeutic delivery vehicles [122–124]. LPNs have a classic core-shell structure comprised of polymer cores and lipid/lipid-PEG shells.…”

Engineering Cell Membrane‐Based Nanotherapeutics to Target Inflammation

“…[18] This facile top-down approach is characterized by "cloaking" synthetic nanocarriers with a layer of the natural cell membrane, which helps to overcome some of the drawbacks associated with nanoparticles fabricated by conventional self-assembly such as poor colloidal stability and nonspecific tissue accumulation. [18] This facile top-down approach is characterized by "cloaking" synthetic nanocarriers with a layer of the natural cell membrane, which helps to overcome some of the drawbacks associated with nanoparticles fabricated by conventional self-assembly such as poor colloidal stability and nonspecific tissue accumulation.…”