Cell membrane mechanics and mechanosensory transduction

Martinac, Boris; Nikolaev, Yu. A.; Silvani, Giulia; Bavi, Navid; Romanov, Valentin; Nakayama, Yoshitaka; Martinac, Adam D.; Rohde, Paul R.; Bavi, Omid; Cox, Charles D.

doi:10.1016/bs.ctm.2020.08.002

Cited by 42 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 281 publications

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“…Much of the pioneering work characterizing adherent cells are performed using methods lacking in physiological reproduction of the cell's native microenvironment (Martinac et al, 2020 ). Experimental limitations, such as an open chamber configuration, make it difficult to assess EC monolayer maturation under physiological shear stress conditions during cell culture.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, the thickness of the cell may alter indentation measurements as it will determine the contribution from the substrate to the overall stiffness (Dimitriadis et al, 2002 ; Rahimzadeh et al, 2011 ). Refer to Martinac et al ( 2020 ) for a more comprehensive review on factors that may influence rheological measurements. In this study, we utilized a new technique, called Acoustic Force Spectroscopy, which operates in similar fashion to Optical Tweezers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To date, the characterization of viscoelasticity of adherent cells has been addressed and investigated by several micro-rheological techniques including Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), Magnetic or Optical tweezers, Micropipette Aspiration and Particle Tracking Microrheology (PTMR) (Martinac et al, 2020 ). Two major limitations of these techniques are measurement's reproducibility and throughput (Wu et al, 2018 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biomechanical Characterization of Endothelial Cells Exposed to Shear Stress Using Acoustic Force Spectroscopy

Silvani

Romanov

Cox

et al. 2021

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

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Characterizing mechanical properties of cells is important for understanding many cellular processes, such as cell movement, shape, and growth, as well as adaptation to changing environments. In this study, we explore the mechanical properties of endothelial cells that form the biological barrier lining blood vessels, whose dysfunction leads to development of many cardiovascular disorders. Stiffness of living endothelial cells was determined by Acoustic Force Spectroscopy (AFS), by pull parallel multiple functionalized microspheres located at the cell-cell periphery. The unique configuration of the acoustic microfluidic channel allowed us to develop a long-term dynamic culture protocol exposing cells to laminar flow for up to 48 h, with shear stresses in the physiological range (i.e., 6 dyn/cm2). Two different Endothelial cells lines, Human Aortic Endothelial Cells (HAECs) and Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (HUVECs), were investigated to show the potential of this tool to capture the change in cellular mechanical properties during maturation of a confluent endothelial monolayer. Immunofluorescence microscopy was exploited to follow actin filament rearrangement and junction formation over time. For both cell types we found that the application of shear-stress promotes the typical phenotype of a mature endothelium expressing a linear pattern of VE-cadherin at the cell-cell border and actin filament rearrangement along the perimeter of Endothelial cells. A staircase-like sequence of increasing force steps, ranging from 186 pN to 3.5 nN, was then applied in a single measurement revealing the force-dependent apparent stiffness of the membrane cortex in the kPa range. We also found that beads attached to cells cultured under dynamic conditions were harder to displace than cells cultured under static conditions, showing a stiffer membrane cortex at cell periphery. All together these results demonstrate that the AFS can identify changes in cell mechanics based on force measurements of adherent cells under conditions mimicking their native microenvironment, thus revealing the shear stress dependence of the mechanical properties of neighboring endothelial cells.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biomechanical Characterization of Endothelial Cells Exposed to Shear Stress Using Acoustic Force Spectroscopy

Silvani

Romanov

Cox

et al. 2021

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

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“…Corynebacteria have a mycomembrane, including the mycolic acid layer, which is thicker than the cell wall of the Gram-positive bacteria, and thus this value is even larger. Based on these properties, the bacterial cell wall sustains approximately 90% of turgor pressure and leaves a 10% share to be sustained by the cytoplasmic membrane [ 85 ]. This “force sharing” between the cell wall and membrane is large enough to activate mechanosensitive channels activated by membrane tension in the range of 6–12 mN/m in the cell membrane.…”

Section: “Force-from-lipids/tethers” Paradigms and Bacterial Cell/mentioning

confidence: 99%

Corynebacterium glutamicum Mechanosensing: From Osmoregulation to L-Glutamate Secretion for the Avian Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis

Nakayama

2021

Microorganisms

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After the discovery of Corynebacterium glutamicum from avian feces-contaminated soil, its enigmatic L-glutamate secretion by corynebacterial MscCG-type mechanosensitive channels has been utilized for industrial monosodium glutamate production. Bacterial mechanosensitive channels are activated directly by increased membrane tension upon hypoosmotic downshock; thus; the physiological significance of the corynebacterial L-glutamate secretion has been considered as adjusting turgor pressure by releasing cytoplasmic solutes. In this review, we present information that corynebacterial mechanosensitive channels have been evolutionally specialized as carriers to secrete L-glutamate into the surrounding environment in their habitats rather than osmotic safety valves. The lipid modulation activation of MscCG channels in L-glutamate production can be explained by the “Force-From-Lipids” and “Force-From-Tethers” mechanosensing paradigms and differs significantly from mechanical activation upon hypoosmotic shock. The review also provides information on the search for evidence that C. glutamicum was originally a gut bacterium in the avian host with the aim of understanding the physiological roles of corynebacterial mechanosensing. C. glutamicum is able to secrete L-glutamate by mechanosensitive channels in the gut microbiota and help the host brain function via the microbiota–gut–brain axis.

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“…Corynebacteria have a mycomembrane including mycolic acid layer, which is thicker than the cell wall of the Gram-positive bacteria, and thus this value is even larger. Based on these properties, the bacterial cell wall sustains approximately 90% of turgor pressure and leave 10%share to be sustained by the cytoplasmic membrane(83). This "force sharing" between the cell wall and membrane is large enough to activate mechanosensitive channels activated by membrane tension in the range of 6-12 mN/m in the cell membrane.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Corynebacterium Glutamicum Mechanosensing: From Osmoregulation to L-Glutamate Secretion for the Avian Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis

Nakayama¹

2020

Preprint

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

After the discovery of Corynebacterium glutamicum from the avian feces contaminated soil, its enigmatic L-glutamate secretion by corynebacterial MscCG-type mechanosensitive channels has been utilized for the industrial monosodium glutamate production. Bacterial mechanosensitive channels are activated directly by increased membrane tension upon hypoosmotic downshock, thus the physiological significance of the corynebacterial L-glutamate secretion has been considered as adjusting turgor pressure by releasing cytoplasmic solutes. In this review, we present information that corynebacterial mechanosensitive channels have been evolutionally specialized as carriers to secrete L-glutamate into the surrounding environment in their habitats rather than osmotic safety valves. The lipid modulation activation of MscCG channels in L-glutamate production can be explained by the “Force-From-Lipids” and “Force-From-Tethers” mechanosensing paradigms and differs significantly from the mechanical activation upon hypoosmotic shock. The review also provides information on the search for possibilities that Corynebacterium glutamicum was originally a gut bacterium in the avian host in the aim of understanding physiological roles of corynebacterial mechanosensing. Corynebacterium glutamicum is able to secrete L-glutamate by mechanosensitive channels in the gut microbiota and help the host brain function via the microbiota-gut-brain axis.

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Cell membrane mechanics and mechanosensory transduction

Cited by 42 publications

References 281 publications

Biomechanical Characterization of Endothelial Cells Exposed to Shear Stress Using Acoustic Force Spectroscopy

Biomechanical Characterization of Endothelial Cells Exposed to Shear Stress Using Acoustic Force Spectroscopy

Corynebacterium glutamicum Mechanosensing: From Osmoregulation to L-Glutamate Secretion for the Avian Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis

Corynebacterium Glutamicum Mechanosensing: From Osmoregulation to L-Glutamate Secretion for the Avian Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis

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