Cell morphology of extrusion foamed poly(lactic acid) using endothermic chemical foaming agent

Matuana, Laurent M.; Faruk, Omar; Díaz, Carlos A.

doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2009.06.063

Cited by 90 publications

(90 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…The properties of this resin measured by the authors [21] include the following (a density of 1.257 g/cm 3 , a percent crystallinity of 1.2%, and a melt flow index of 6.5 g/10 min (190°C, 2.16 kg dead load). Carbon dioxide acted as the foaming agent (commercial 99.5% min).…”

Section: Experimental 21 Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of gas saturation conditions on the expansion ratio of microcellular poly(lactic acid)/wood-flour composites

Matuana¹,

Faruk²

2010

Express Polym. Lett.

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Abstract. Poly(lactic acid) or PLA and PLA/wood-flour composites were microcellular foamed with CO2 through a batch foaming process. Specifically, the gas saturation pressure and time varied during processing to produce PLA foams with a high expansion ratio. A ten fold expansion ratio resulted in microcellular foamed PLA over unfoamed counterpart. The foaming conditions associated with such a high expansion ratio involved a lower gas saturation pressure up to 2.76 MPa, which corresponds to a critical gas concentration of approximately 9.4%. Beyond this critical value, foam expansion decreased significantly. Investigations also studied the effect of incorporating wood flour on the foamability of the resulting PLA/wood-flour composites. The addition of wood flour into the PLA matrix significantly affected the expansion ratio of PLA/wood-flour composite foams.

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Section: Experimental 21 Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of gas saturation conditions on the expansion ratio of microcellular poly(lactic acid)/wood-flour composites

Matuana¹,

Faruk²

2010

Express Polym. Lett.

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“…Various properties of PLA, particularly its degree of crystallinity, the melting point, mechanical, rheological and barrier properties, can be controlled by varying the ratio of stereoisomers of L-and D-lactic acid [8,9]. Despite all the advantages of PLA, there are nevertheless some drawbacks, especially a low molecular weight, which affects the polymer melt viscosity, melt elasticity, mechanical and thermal properties [10,11]. One of the possible methods to increase the molecular weight is the use of chain extenders (CE) that cause a change from the linear to long chain branched structures [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An interest in PLA foaming has been noted recently. Matuana et al [11] performed a foaming extrusion process of poly (lactic acid) with a chemical blowing agent (CBA). Uniform and fine cellular structure can be formed in PLA using extrusion process at a suitable combination of the melt flow rate of a polymer, CBA content and processing speed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Foaming of Polylactide in the Presence of Chain Extender

Ludwiczak

Kozłowski

2014

J Polym Environ

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An experimental study on the influence of chain extender (CE) on the properties and foamability of two grades of polylactide (PLA) has been carried out. The influence of CE on the polymer crystallinity and viscoelastic properties that are critical during the foaming process was investigated. After addition of CE an increase in the viscosity and the cold crystallization temperature of PLA was observed. Selection of PLA grade has been correlated with a structure of the polymer. The cellular structure of PLA was obtained during extrusion process using the chemical blowing agent. The addition of 1.0 and 1.5 % CE caused fine cellular structure and low density (0.7 g/dm 3 ) of foamed PLA.

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“…[1,2] Poly(lactic acid) (PLA), an aliphatic and compostable polyester consisting completely of renewable resources, has attracted much attention as a popular alternative to traditional petroleumbased plastics. Various factors contribute to the success of PLA as alternative to traditional petroleum-based plastics, including physical properties, favorable compostable and degradation characteristics, as well as its ability to maintain carbon dioxide balance after its decomposition.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact Modification of Polylactide with a Biodegradable Ethylene/Acrylate Copolymer

Afrifah

Matuana

2010

Macro Materials & Eng

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104

110

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The effectiveness and efficiency of an ethylene/acrylate copolymer in toughening semicrystalline and amorphous PLA through melt blending is studied. The mechanical properties, phase morphologies, miscibilities, and toughening mechanisms of the blends are assessed. The ethylene/acrylate impact modifier effectively improved the impact strength of the blends, regardless of the PLA type. The semicrystalline blends showed decreased tensile strength and modulus with increased impact modifier content. In contrast, the ductility, elongation at break, and energy to break increased significantly. The relatively low BDT temperature obtained for the PLA blends renders the ethylene/acrylate copolymer impact modifier a desirable additive to toughen PLA for use in cold temperatures.magnified image

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Cell morphology of extrusion foamed poly(lactic acid) using endothermic chemical foaming agent

Cited by 90 publications

References 28 publications

Effect of gas saturation conditions on the expansion ratio of microcellular poly(lactic acid)/wood-flour composites

Effect of gas saturation conditions on the expansion ratio of microcellular poly(lactic acid)/wood-flour composites

Foaming of Polylactide in the Presence of Chain Extender

Impact Modification of Polylactide with a Biodegradable Ethylene/Acrylate Copolymer

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