Cell Organelle Structure and Function in Alpine and Polar Plants are Influenced by Growth Conditions and Climate

Cold stress effects on organelle ultrastructure in polar Caryophyllaceae species

“…Simi− lar spaces containing only stroma were described in several species of polar and al− pine plants, including Geum montanum L., Geum reptans L., Oxyria digyna (L.) Hill. and Ranunculus glacialis L. (Lütz 1987;Larcher et al 1997;Holzinger et al 2007a, b;Lütz and Engel 2007;Lütz et al 2012). In the analyzed taxa, chloroplasts formed characteristic shorter or longer protrusions that had equal width or were wider at the ends (Fig.…”

“…-Herbaceous plants growing at various latitudes and in different habitats are characterized by significant ultrastructural similarities. The organelles of polar and alpine plants differ only in their plasticity and degree of cooperation, which probably enables those plants to rapidly modify metabolic processes and develop under unsupportive environmental conditions (Lütz et al 2012). Metabolic disruptions induced by environmental factors are manifested in the ultrastructure of cell organelles.…”

“…Studies involving microscopic analyses revealed significant plasticity of cell organelles in several species of polar and alpine flowering plants (Lütz et al 2012), which was manifested by the examined taxa's ability to produce various surface de− formations. The evaluated plants contained chloroplasts with pockets filled with cy− toplasm, vesicles and organelles, chloroplasts with differently sized protrusions con− taining stroma and thylakoid systems (Giełwanowska 2003;, chloroplasts with vast areas that were free of thylakoids and were filled only with stroma (Holzinger et al 2007a, b) as well as thin and long protrusions -stromules (Shaw and Gray 2011).…”

Lipid Composition and Functional State of Membrane Systems in Stellaria Humifusa

“…Имеющиеся в ли-тературе данные свидетельствуют о том, что растения, адаптированные к условиям Арктики, по функциональным показателям не находятся в состоянии стресса [Lütz et al, 2012]. Встает вопрос, как удается растениям в этих неста-бильных условиях поддерживать мембранную систему в рабочем состоянии.…”

“…От их согласованности и координации зависит эффективность фотосинтеза. Из лите-ратуры известно, что если сам процесс фото-синтеза -достаточно универсальная функция, то его многоуровневая защита оказывается до-статочно разнообразной и видоспецифичной, как это было показано на некоторых арктиче-ских растениях [Lütz et al, 2012].…”