Cell‐penetrating peptides: 20 years later, where do we stand?

Bechara, Chérine; Sagan, Sandrine

doi:10.1016/j.febslet.2013.04.031

Cited by 742 publications

(743 citation statements)

References 179 publications

(261 reference statements)

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“…Although there is no established classification of CPPs, depending on their physicochemical properties or origin, they can be divided into several classes or groups (Table 1) (Milletti, 2012;Bechara and Sagan, 2013).…”

Section: Cell-penetrating Peptide Familiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Viral and Other Cell-Penetrating Peptides as Vectors of Therapeutic Agents in Medicine

Durzyńska

Przysiecka

Nawrot

et al. 2015

J Pharmacol Exp Ther

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Efficient delivery of heterologous molecules for treatment of cells is a great challenge in modern medicine and pharmacology. Cellpenetrating peptides (CPPs) may improve efficient delivery of a wide range of macromolecular cargos, including plasmid DNA, small interfering RNA, drugs, nanoparticulate pharmaceutical carriers, and anticancer drugs. In this paper, we present the history of CPPs' discovery with special attention drawn to sequences of viral origin. We also describe different CPP families with regard to their physicochemical properties and numerous mechanisms of CPP cell uptake by direct penetration and endocytotic pathways. A detailed description is focused on formation of carrier-cargo complexes, which are needed for practical use of CPPs in medicine and biotechnology. Examples of successful application of CPPs in treatment of human diseases are also presented, including decreased tumor growth and induction of cancer cell death. Finally, we review modern design approaches to novel CPPs and prediction of their activity. To sum up, the current review presents a thorough and up-to-date knowledge of CPPs and may be a valuable source of information for researchers in pharmacology designing new therapeutic agents.

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Section: Cell-penetrating Peptide Familiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Viral and Other Cell-Penetrating Peptides as Vectors of Therapeutic Agents in Medicine

Durzyńska

Przysiecka

Nawrot

et al. 2015

J Pharmacol Exp Ther

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“…Subrizi et al (48) further challenged the role played by GAGs in cellular uptake, producing evidence that they actually inhibit movement of the Tat peptide across biological membranes in live cells. Indeed many of the methods used to analyze CPP behavior exhibit a high degree of analytical variability that only fuels the debate surrounding the mechanisms of cellular uptake (36) .…”

Section: Membrane Destabilizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Designer peptide delivery systems for gene therapy

Loughran

McCrudden

McCarthy

2015

European Journal of Nanomedicine

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: Gene therapy has long been hailed as a revolutionary approach for the treatment of genetic diseases. The enthusiasm that greeted the harnessing of viruses for therapeutic DNA delivery has been tempered by concerns over safety. These concerns led to the development of alternative strategies for nucleic acid delivery to cells. One such strategy is the utilization of cationic peptides for the condensation of therapeutic DNA for delivery to its target. However, success of DNA as a therapy relies on its delivery to the nucleus of target cells, a process that is complicated by the many hurdles encountered following systemic administration. Non-viral peptide gene delivery strategies have sought inspiration from viruses in order to retain DNA delivering potency, but limit virulence. This review summarizes the progression of peptide-based DNA delivery systems, from rudimentary beginnings to the recent development of sophisticated multi-functional vectors that comprise distinct motifs with dedicated barrier evasion functions. The most promising peptides that achieve cell membrane permeabilization, endosomal escape and nuclear delivery are discussed.

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“…Cell penetrating (CPP) or membrane translocating peptides (MTP) are a group of cationic peptides that have the ability to spontaneously enter the cytoplasm of cells [9][10][11][12]. These peptides have been used to deliver a number of cargos such as proteins, peptides, DNA, RNA, drugs and virus particles into cells.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vaccine delivery by penetratin: mechanism of antigen presentation by dendritic cells

et al. 2016

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Cell penetrating peptides (CPP) or membrane translocating peptides such as, penetratin from Antennapedia homeodomain or TAT from human immunodeficiency virus are useful vectors for the delivery of protein antigens or their cytotoxic (Tc) or helper (Th) T cell epitopes to antigen presenting cells. Mice immunized with CPP containing immunogens elicit antigen-specific Tc and/or Th responses and could be protected from tumor challenges. In the present paper, we investigate the mechanism of class I and class II antigen presentation of ovalbumin covalently linked to penetratin (AntpOVA) by bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDC) with the use of biochemical inhibitors of various pathways of antigen processing and presentation. Results from our study suggested that uptake of AntpOVA is via a combination of energy independent (membrane fusion) and energy dependent pathways (endocytosis). Once internalized by either mechanism, multiple tap-dependent or independent antigen presentation pathways are accessed whilst not completely dependent on proteasomal processing but involving proteolytic trimming in the ER and Golgi compartments. Our study provides an understanding on the mechanism of antigen presentation mediated by CPP and leads to greater insights into future development of vaccine formulations.

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Cell‐penetrating peptides: 20 years later, where do we stand?

Cited by 742 publications

References 179 publications

Viral and Other Cell-Penetrating Peptides as Vectors of Therapeutic Agents in Medicine

Viral and Other Cell-Penetrating Peptides as Vectors of Therapeutic Agents in Medicine

Designer peptide delivery systems for gene therapy

Vaccine delivery by penetratin: mechanism of antigen presentation by dendritic cells

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