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Non-Technical SummarySurvey interviews are increasingly carried out on mobile phones. There are a number of reasons to think that the experience of being interviewed on a mobile phone may differ from that of being interviewed on a fixed line phone. We are interested in whether those differences in the experience make a difference to the data that are collectedIn this paper, we present a theory of the ways in which mobile phone interviews and fixed phone interviews may differ and how these differences may affect survey measurement. We identify four key features that may vary between mobile and fixed phone interviews. These are line quality, the extent of multi-tasking amongst survey respondents, the extent to which survey respondents are distracted from the task of answering questions, and the extent to which other people are present and able to overhear what the survey respondent is saying.We then evaluate the extent to which differences in these features affect survey measures by analysing data from a randomised experiment. In the experiment, a sample of people who had both mobile and fixed phones were randomly assigned to be interviewed either on their mobile phone or on their fixed phone.Overall, we find only few and small differences in survey measures between the mobile phone interviews and the fixed phone interviews. The few differences that we find suggest that data quality may be higher with mobile phone interviews.This may be because survey respondents have greater control over whether other people are within earshot and whether others can listen in from another line. When other people can hear the responses being given -which may be more likely when responding on a fixed line -respondents may have a tendency to censor their responses to avoid socially undesirable answers.
The Impact of Mobile Phones on Survey Measurement Error
Peter Lynn Institute for Social and Economic Research, University of Essex
Olena Kaminska Institute for Social and Economic Research, University of EssexAbstract: Mobile phone survey interviewing is becoming increasingly prevalent, so it is important to understand how it affects measurement error. We link cognitive response process theory (Tourangeau et al 2000) to theories of mode effects to build a comprehensive framework that identifies ways in which the different context of mobile interviews and differences inherent in the technology can influence survey responses. We evaluate elements of th...