Cell Polarity 1

Ebnet, Klaus

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-14463-4

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 1,108 publications

(1,694 reference statements)

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“…The sheet formation acts as a barrier separating compartments of the organism, allowing for the regulation, diffusion and absorption of macromolecules ( Tyler 2003 ; Fahey and Degnan 2012 ). To achieve such diverse functionality within an organism, epithelial cells need to be highly polarised, which is achieved by the asymmetric compartmentalising of cell polarity constituents ( Rodriguez-Boulan and Nelson 1989 ; Elsum et al, 2012 ; Ebnet 2015 ; Wen and Zhang 2018 ). Basal metazoans are the first multicellular organisms and the ancient relatives to Bilateria, and more broadly the Eumetazoan subkingdom ( Schierwater et al, 2021 ).…”

Section: Transitioning To Multicellularity: the First Animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Crumbs polarity complex is well documented as a critical complex in the development and stabilisation of apical adherent and tight junctions ( Dow and Humbert 2007 ; Bazellieres et al, 2009 ; Bivic 2013 ; Ebnet 2015 ). The Crumbs complex consists of two scaffold proteins, Pals1 (Protein associated Lin seven 1) and PatJ (Pals1-associated tight junction), and a transmembrane protein Crumbs ( Tepass, 2012 ).…”

Section: Transitioning To Multicellularity: the First Animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cell polarity signalling at the birth of multicellularity: What can we learn from the first animals

Wright

Kvansakul²,

Schierwater³

et al. 2022

Front. Cell Dev. Biol.

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The innovation of multicellularity has driven the unparalleled evolution of animals (Metazoa). But how is a multicellular organism formed and how is its architecture maintained faithfully? The defining properties and rules required for the establishment of the architecture of multicellular organisms include the development of adhesive cell interactions, orientation of division axis, and the ability to reposition daughter cells over long distances. Central to all these properties is the ability to generate asymmetry (polarity), coordinated by a highly conserved set of proteins known as cell polarity regulators. The cell polarity complexes, Scribble, Par and Crumbs, are considered to be a metazoan innovation with apicobasal polarity and adherens junctions both believed to be present in all animals. A better understanding of the fundamental mechanisms regulating cell polarity and tissue architecture should provide key insights into the development and regeneration of all animals including humans. Here we review what is currently known about cell polarity and its control in the most basal metazoans, and how these first examples of multicellular life can inform us about the core mechanisms of tissue organisation and repair, and ultimately diseases of tissue organisation, such as cancer.

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Section: Transitioning To Multicellularity: the First Animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Transitioning To Multicellularity: the First Animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cell polarity signalling at the birth of multicellularity: What can we learn from the first animals

Wright

Kvansakul²,

Schierwater³

et al. 2022

Front. Cell Dev. Biol.

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“…This polarity allows cells to spatially segregate propulsive and contractile forces in order to move their body forward. In the context of mesenchymal cell migration, the polarity axis of cells is specified by a protruding front and a retracting back ( Ebnet, 2015 ; Ridley et al, 2003 ). On the contrary, when cells are not polarized, they present several protruding regions along their contour and barely move ( Petrie et al, 2009 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Persistent cell migration emerges from a coupling between protrusion dynamics and polarized trafficking

Vaidžiulytė

Macé

Battistella

et al. 2022

eLife

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Migrating cells present a variety of paths, from random to highly directional ones. While random movement can be explained by basal intrinsic activity, persistent movement requires stable polarization. Here, we quantitatively address emergence of persistent migration in RPE1 cells over long timescales. By live-cell imaging and dynamic micropatterning, we demonstrate that the Nucleus-Golgi axis aligns with direction of migration leading to efficient cell movement. We show that polarized trafficking is directed towards protrusions with a 20 min delay, and that migration becomes random after disrupting internal cell organization. Eventually, we prove that localized optogenetic Cdc42 activation orients the Nucleus-Golgi axis. Our work suggests that polarized trafficking stabilizes the protrusive activity of the cell, while protrusive activity orients this polarity axis, leading to persistent cell migration. Using a minimal physical model, we show that this feedback is sufficient to recapitulate the quantitative properties of cell migration in the timescale of hours.

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Therapeutic aspects of cell signaling and communication in Duchenne muscular dystrophy

Starosta

Konieczny

2021

Cell. Mol. Life Sci.

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Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a devastating chromosome X-linked disease that manifests predominantly in progressive skeletal muscle wasting and dysfunctions in the heart and diaphragm. Approximately 1/5000 boys and 1/50,000,000 girls suffer from DMD, and to date, the disease is incurable and leads to premature death. This phenotypic severity is due to mutations in the DMD gene, which result in the absence of functional dystrophin protein. Initially, dystrophin was thought to be a force transducer; however, it is now considered an essential component of the dystrophin-associated protein complex (DAPC), viewed as a multicomponent mechanical scaffold and a signal transduction hub. Modulating signal pathway activation or gene expression through epigenetic modifications has emerged at the forefront of therapeutic approaches as either an adjunct or stand-alone strategy. In this review, we propose a broader perspective by considering DMD to be a disease that affects myofibers and muscle stem (satellite) cells, as well as a disorder in which abrogated communication between different cell types occurs. We believe that by taking this systemic view, we can achieve safe and holistic treatments that can restore correct signal transmission and gene expression in diseased DMD tissues.

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Cell Polarity 1

Cited by 9 publications

References 1,108 publications

Cell polarity signalling at the birth of multicellularity: What can we learn from the first animals

Cell polarity signalling at the birth of multicellularity: What can we learn from the first animals

Persistent cell migration emerges from a coupling between protrusion dynamics and polarized trafficking

Therapeutic aspects of cell signaling and communication in Duchenne muscular dystrophy

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