Evidence is resented that demonstrates the absence of a measurable G2 prase in the cell cycles of two sublines of the Chinese hamster lung fibroblast V79. One of the sublines, in addition, lacks a detectable G1 phase, thereby possessing a cell cycle comprised of simply two phases, DNA synthesis (S) and mitosis (M).The cell life cycle of most mammalian cells can be described in terms of four phases (1): mitosis (M), a period between mitosis and the initiation of DNA replication (G1), DNA replication (S), and a period between the termination of DNA replication and the beginning of prophase (G2). [40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50] Ci/mmol, Amersham/Searle) for 15 min followed by a chase in complete medium plus 0.1 mM unlabeled thymidine. Samples for autoradiography were then taken at 0 min, 15 min, 30 min, 1 hr, 2 hr, and 3 hr after the pulse. The cells were trypsinized, treated with hypotonic solution (10 mM sodium citrate/30 mM potassium chloride) for 20 min followed by three 10-min cycles of fixation in methanol/glacial acetic acid (3:1), and dropped onto slides that had been dipped in H20 and either air-or flame-dried. The slides were coated with NTB2 emulsion, dried, exposed for 7-28 days, developed, and stained with crystal violet or Giemsa. The slides were then scored for % labeled nuclei and % labeled metaphases.An estimation of the length of the mitotic stages in V79-8 was obtained by examining living cells as they grew at 370 in flasks placed on the stage of an inverted phase contrast microscope. The first visible change in nuclear morphology (i.e., nuclear condensation as evidenced by a grainy appearance of the nucleoplasm) was considered the beginning of prophase. These cells were then monitored and their nuclear morphologies noted and recorded as a function of time. Observations of eight cells were used for estimating the mean length and range of prophase (i.e., initial condensation to the appearance of well-defined chromosomal bodies) and the total length of mitosis (i.e., from the onset of prophase until the apparent end of cytokinesis).
RESULTSDetermination of Length of the G2 Phase. The strategy for determining the length of G2 for the two V79 cell lines was to subtract the length of prophase (measured by in situ observation) from the length of G2 + prophase. The average length of G2 + prophase was determined by pulse-labeling logarithmically growing cells with [3H]thymidine and preparing chromosome at intervals after the pulse. The time at which 50% of the metaphase cells are seen to be labeled was taken to be the average length of G2 + prophase (8). Results in Fig. 1