Cell Response to Nanocrystallized Metallic Substrates Obtained through Severe Plastic Deformation

Abstract

Cell-substrate interface is known to control the cell response and subsequent cell functions. Among the various biophysical signals, grain structure, which indicates the repeating arrangement of atoms in the material, has also proved to play a role of significant importance in mediating the cell activities. Moreover, refining the grain size through severe plastic deformation is known to provide the processed material with novel mechanical properties. The potential application of such advanced materials as biomedical implants has recently been evaluated by investigating the effect of different substrate grain sizes on a wide variety of cell activities. In this review, recent advances in biomedical applications of severe plastic deformation techniques are highlighted with special attention to the effect of the obtained nano/ultra-fine-grain size on cell-substrate interactions. Various severe plastic deformation techniques used for this purpose are discussed presenting a brief description of the mechanism for each process. The results obtained for each treatment on cell morphology, adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation, as well as the in vivo studies, are discussed. Finally, the advantages and challenges regarding the application of these techniques to produce multifunctional bio-implant materials are addressed.

Electrochemical Anisotropy of Nanostructured Titanium for Biomedical Implants

“…It was also demonstrated that nanostructuring of CP Ti enhances the attachment and spreading of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells on the surface of CP Ti [11]. The literature on the effect of grain refinement on cell-substrate interaction has been thoroughly analyzed in a very recent review [12].There is a strong effect of nanostructuring on corrosion behavior of metallic materials.The fundamentals of grain size effect on corrosion properties were discussed in recent reviews [13,14]. Corrosion and subsequent metal ion release from dental implants in human body is affected by fretting [15] and the pH and composition of the media (e.g.…”

Performance and Prospects of Severe Plastic Deformation for Effective Biomedical Titanium Alloys

“…Ideally, an SPD involves subjecting the material to a high hydrostatic (three dimensional) stress state that creates plastic deformation of material [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23]2018 sample in form of pure or simple shear without significantly changing its overall dimensions. The SPD basic principle is illustrated in Figure 1, where a solid body is hydrostatically loaded.…”

“…ARB performs two functions simultaneously on the material; shear strain deformation and bonding of the stacked sheets. The number of ARB passes run is proportional to the magnitude of induced strain, smaller grain size, higher tensile strength and [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23]2018 hardness of the material. Various works in the literature have reported the use of ARB to enhance biomedical titanium alloys with ultrafine grain and improved mechanical properties [6][12] [60].…”

“…Biomedical titanium processed with GP and CGP methods have been reported to achieve the highest increase of strength below 40% [68] [70], this value is lower compared to about 100% increase in strength by using HPT, ECAP and ARB methods. There is a [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23]2018 need for improved design of RCS that considers efficiency, induced deformation/strain homogeneity and continuous manufacturing of ultra-fine, high strength and large size biomedical titanium sheets.…”

Multifunctional Properties of Bulk Nanostructured Metallic Materials

“…Few comprehensive review articles focused on this topic have been published very recently [251,256,257]. In 2004, Webster and Ejiofor [258] provided the first evidence of increased osteoblast adhesion on Ti, Ti-6Al-4V alloy and Co-Cr-Mo compacts with nanometer compared to conventionally sized particles.…”