Cell surface characteristics of environmental and clinical isolates of Vibrio cholerae non-O1

Abstract

The cell surfaces of several toxigenic and nontoxigenic environmental and clinical isolates of Vibrio cholerae non-Ol have been examined. The environmental strains, irrespective of toxigenicity, are significantly more resistant to antibiotics and detergents than are V. cholerae 01 strains. The clinical isolates of non-Ol vibrios are as sensitive to a wide variety of chemicals as the 01 vibrios. The environmental non-Ol strains are also less susceptible to lysis when treated with protein denaturants or neutral and anionic detergents than are 01 vibrios and the clinical non-01 strains. In contrast to 01 vibrios, the environmental non-01 vibrios do not have exposed phospholipids in their outer membranes. These features of the cell surfaces of environmental non-Ol vibrios might have a role in the better survival of these organisms under environmental fluctuations.

Transcriptional upregulation of inflammatory cytokines in human intestinal epithelial cells following Vibrio cholerae infection

“…No disease association has, however, been reported for these environmental strains [25].The results thus suggest that although V. cholerae isolates are associated with proinflammatory responses, these isolates, having differences in the cell surface architecture and secretory products [26], may give rise to differential stimulation of these cytokines, at least under the in vitro conditions used in the present study. The variability in cytokine response among different strains could be due to the differences in the expression of multiple virulence determinants; for example, among the CT-producing classic strains O395 and 569B, the latter has a deletion in the rtx locus, eliminating VcRTX [27], and is a poor producer of HAP, Eltor strain N16961 (CT + ) has mannose sensitive hemagglutinin and is also a hapR mutant, VCE232 is an environmental CT-producing isolate, and GP-7 and VCE309 are naturally occurring nontoxinogenic strains.…”

Ordered Cloned DNA Map of the Genome of Vibrio cholerae 569B and Localization of Genetic Markers

“…The V. cholerae 569B used in this study was obtained from the National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Calcutta, India. V. cholerae cells were grown in a gyratory shaker at 37°C in nutrient broth (NB) containing 0.1 M NaCl (pH 8.0) and maintained as described previously (12,28,37). Genomic DNA was prepared by the method of Wilson (45).…”