Cell surface mechanics and the control of cell shape, tissue patterns and morphogenesis

Lecuit, Thomas; Lenne, Pierre-François

doi:10.1038/nrm2222

Cited by 1,144 publications

(1,104 citation statements)

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“…Proteins located on the cell surface have pivotal roles in adhesion, sensing of the environment, signaling, communication, transport, energy transformation, embryonic and tissue development, tumour metastasis and microbial infection (Sheetz, 2001;Discher et al, 2005;Vogel and Sheetz, 2006;Lecuit and Lenne, 2007). These complex functions rely on the assembly and interactions of specific proteins, including mechanosensors and cell adhesion molecules.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atomic force microscopy – looking at mechanosensors on the cell surface

Heinisch

Lipke

Beaussart

et al. 2012

Journal of Cell Science

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SummaryLiving cells use cell surface proteins, such as mechanosensors, to constantly sense and respond to their environment. However, the way in which these proteins respond to mechanical stimuli and assemble into large complexes remains poorly understood at the molecular level. In the past years, atomic force microscopy (AFM) has revolutionized the way in which biologists analyze cell surface proteins to molecular resolution. In this Commentary, we discuss how the powerful set of advanced AFM techniques (e.g. live-cell imaging and single-molecule manipulation) can be integrated with the modern tools of molecular genetics (i.e. protein design) to study the localization and molecular elasticity of individual mechanosensors on the surface of living cells. Although we emphasize recent studies on cell surface proteins from yeasts, the techniques described are applicable to surface proteins from virtually all organisms, from bacteria to human cells.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atomic force microscopy – looking at mechanosensors on the cell surface

Heinisch

Lipke

Beaussart

et al. 2012

Journal of Cell Science

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“…Considering time-scales, cell sorting, like the related morphogenetic processes, is observed over long timescales (minutes to hours) whereas processes at cellular and lower levels typically develop over short (seconds) to medium (minute) timescales. Accordingly, several experimental and theoretical studies aim to understand cell sorting and intercellular adhesion at various spatial and temporal scales [Armstrong, Painter, and Sherratt, 2006;Forgacs, Foty, Shafrir and Steinberg, 1998;Krieg, Arboleda-Estudillo, Puech, Käfer, Graner, Müller and Heisenberg, 2008;Lecuit and Lenne, 2007;Niessen and Gumbiner, 2002;Shi, Chien and Leckband, 2008].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The cellular basis of cell sorting kinetics

Voß-Böhme

Deutsch

2010

Journal of Theoretical Biology

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Cell sorting is a dynamical cooperative phenomenon that is fundamental for tissue morphogenesis and tissue homeostasis. According to Steinberg's differential adhesion hypothesis, the structure of sorted cell aggregates is determined by physical characteristics of the respective tissues, the tissue surface tensions. Steinberg postulated that tissue surface tensions result from quantitative differences in intercellular adhesion. Several experiments in cell cultures as well as in developing organisms support this hypothesis.The question of how tissue surface tension might result from differential adhesion was addressed in some theoretical models. These models describe the cellular interdependence structure once the temporal evolution has stabilized. In general, these models are capable of reproducing sorted patterns. However the model dynamics at the cellular scale are defined implicitly and are not welljustified. The precise mechanism describing how differential adhesion generates the observed sorting kinetics at the tissue level is still unclear.It is necessary to formulate the concepts of cell level kinetics explicitly. Only then it is possible to understand the temporal development at the cellular and tissue scales. Here we argue that individual cell mobility is reduced the more the cells stick to their neighbors. We translate this assumption into a precise mathematical model which belongs to the class of stochastic interacting particle systems. Analyzing this model, we are able to predict the emergent sorting behavior at the population level. We describe qualitatively the geometry of cell segregation depending on the intercellular adhesion parameters. Furthermore, we derive a functional relationship between intercellular adhesion and surface tension and highlight the role of cell mobility in the process of sorting. We show that the interaction between the cells and the boundary of a confining vessel has a major impact on the sorting geometry.Keywords: differential adhesion hypothesis, tissue surface tension, phase segregation, stochastic lattice gas, interacting particle system 2000 MSC: 92C15, 92C17, 92C37 * Corresponding author Email addresses: anja.voss-boehme@tu-dresden.de (A. Voß-Böhme), andreas.deutsch@tu-dresden.de (A. Deutsch) Preprint submitted to Elsevier 4th December 2009A c c e p t e d m a n u s c r i p t

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“…Ainsi, la cochlée des mammifères possède des cellules souches (ou progénitrices) ayant la capacité se diviser et de se différencier en cellules ciliées [3]. Lorsque ces cellules souches sont injectées chez l'embryon dans la vésicule otique, elles s'intègrent dans l'épithélium cochléaire et se différencient en cellules sensorielles [4].…”

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“…Deux propriétés mécaniques des cellules, l'adhésion et la contractilité cellulaires, sont essentielles à la formation des tissus [2]. Elles contribuent au contrôle de la formation et de la stabilité des contacts entre cellules ( Figure 1A,B), et des différences dans leur capacité à former ces contacts peuvent induire la ségrégation des cellules en couches distinctes [3][4][5]. Par conséquent, comprendre les rôles respectifs de l'adhésion et de la contractilité cellulaires dans la formation des contacts intercellulaires est essentiel à notre compréhension de la formation des tissus.…”

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