Cell suspension culture as a means to produce polyphenols from date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.)

Abstract

Date palm accumulates a wide range of secondary metabolites high in nutritional and therapeutic value. In the present study, date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L., cv. Shaishi) shoot-tip-induced callus was used to establish cell suspension cultures in Murashige and Skoog (MS) liquid medium containing 1.5 mg L-1 2-isopentenyladenine (2iP) and 10 mg L-1 naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA). To study the growth kinetics, cultures were maintained for 12 weeks during which weekly measurements were carried out to determine the biomass accumulation based on packed cell volume (%), fresh weight and dry weight (g). In addition, weekly determination of polyphenols (catechin, caffeic acid, kaempferol, and apigenin) was carried out using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The 11-week-old culture was found highest in the production of biomass (62.9 g L-1 fresh weight and 7.6 g L-1 dry weight) and polyphenols (catechin-155.9 µg L-1, caffeic acid-162.7 µg L-1, kaempferol-89.7 µg L-1, and apigenin-242.7 µg L-1) from the cell suspension cultures. This is the first report on the production of polyphenols from the cell suspension culture of date palm. This study facilitates further development of large-scale production of polyphenols and the utilization of bioreactors.

Elicitor-Induced Production of Biomass and Pharmaceutical Phenolic Compounds in Cell Suspension Culture of Date Palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.)

“…The PCV was recorded as the cell mass percentage of the total centrifuged volume. The 11-week-old cell cultures were used to determine the FW and DW following the procedure used by Naik and Al-Khayri [ 5 ].…”

“…The extraction of cell culture was done by using a 100 mg finely powdered sample in a 15-mL centrifuge tube containing 10 mL of 80% methanol (Rankem, Gurgaon, India, HPLC grade) incubated at 60 °C under a water bath for 2 h, as described by Naik and Al-Khayri [ 5 ]. The extract was centrifuged at 6000 rpm for 20 min.…”

“…Chromatographic analysis and the quantification of phenolic compounds was performed by the HPLC system (Shimadzu Prominence Liquid chromatography, Kyoto, Japan), following the procedure used by the Naik and Al-Khayri [ 5 ]. Solutions of pure known compounds catechin, caffeic acid, kaempferol, and apigenin (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA, HPLC grade) were chromatographed as external standards.…”

“…These fruits possess a wide range of phenolic compounds with antioxidant activity [ 3 ]. Phenolic compounds such as catechin, caffeic acid, kaempferol, and apigenin possess purported anticancer, antidiabetic, antiaging, antiviral, and antimicrobial properties; also, they are used to treat neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases and are beneficial to human health [ 2 , 4 , 5 ].…”

“…Elicitors of fungal, bacterial, and yeast extract (YE), heavy metals, and hormonal origin were studied for various bioactive compound synthesis [ 6 , 9 , 10 , 11 ]. In vitro cultured plant cells such as callus or cell suspension cultures have the ability to produce industrially useful bioactive compounds with great antioxidant activity [ 5 , 12 ]. The application of these elicitors in cell suspension culture will boost the accumulation of phenolic compounds.…”