Cell types and cell circuits in human and non-human primate retina

Grünert, Ulrike; Martin, Paul R.

doi:10.1016/j.preteyeres.2020.100844

Cited by 134 publications

(115 citation statements)

References 412 publications

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“…a dendritic spine, dendritic shaft, soma, or axon initial segment is linked to both the synapse's functional impact as well as the identity of its presynaptic partner [22,23]. Another related application is in the identification of neuronal subtypes, whose shared structural and functional properties can enhance connectome interpretability by organizing thousands of individual neurons into a reduced complement of conceptual roles [24][25][26].…”

Section: Conclusion and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuronal Subcompartment Classification and Merge Error Correction

Jain

2020

Preprint

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Recent advances in 3d electron microscopy are yielding ever larger reconstructions of brain tissue, encompassing thousands of individual neurons interconnected by millions of synapses. Interpreting reconstructions at this scale demands advances in the automated analysis of neuronal morphologies, for example by identifying morphological and functional subcompartments within neurons. We present a method that for the first time uses full 3d input (voxels) to automatically classify reconstructed neuron fragments as axon, dendrite, or somal subcompartments. Based on 3d convolutional neural networks, this method achieves a mean f1-score of 0.972, exceeding the previous state of the art of 0.955. The resulting predictions can support multiple analysis and proofreading applications. In particular, we leverage finely localized subcompartment predictions for automated detection and correction of merge errors in the volume reconstruction, successfully detecting 90.6% of inter-class merge errors with a false positive rate of only 2.7%.

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Section: Conclusion and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuronal Subcompartment Classification and Merge Error Correction

Jain

2020

Preprint

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“…28 Both types of HCs contact M and L cones nonselectively, but only H2 HCs make dense dendritic and axonal connections with S cones. 29 Readers are encouraged to review other publications for in depth physiology and synaptic circuitry of HCs. 30,31…”

Section: Horizontal Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mammalian Retinal Cell Quantification

Muthuswamy

Chen

et al. 2020

Toxicol Pathol

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Normal retina and its cell layers are essential for processing visual stimuli, and loss of its integrity has been documented in many disease processes. The numbers and the axonal processes of retinal ganglion cells are reduced substantially in glaucoma, leading to vision loss and blindness. Similarly, selective loss of photoreceptors in age-related macular degeneration and hereditary retinal dystrophies also results in the compromise of visual acuity. Development of genetically modified mice has led to increased understanding of the pathogenesis of many retinal diseases. Similarly, in this digital era, usage of modalities to quantify the retinal cell loss has grown exponentially leading to a better understanding of the suitability of animal models to study human retinal diseases. These quantification modalities provide valuable quantifiable data in studying pathogenesis and disease progression. This review will discuss the immunohistochemical markers for various retinal cells, available automated tools to quantify retinal cells, and present an example of retinal ganglion cell quantification using HALO image analysis platform. Additionally, we briefly review retinal cell types and subtypes, salient features of retina in various laboratory animal species, and a few of the main disease processes that affect retinal cell numbers in humans.

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“…The neural retina lines the concaved inner surface of the eye, and it is a thin, multilayered network. The outer most layer is a dense lawn of photoreceptors (PR >1  10 5 mm −2 ) (Grunert and Martin, 2020). Each PR has a photosensitive outer segment, and at its opposite pole a single synaptic terminal forms in the first synaptic layer of the retina, the Outer Plexiform Layer (OPL).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They make very distinct connections to the inner retina (Behrens et al, 2016;Omi, 2016, 2017), the rods are ~10 3 -fold more sensitive to light than cones (Cao et al, 2014;Grimes et al, 2018), and in most mammals rods outnumber cones by 30:1 (Grunert and Martin, 2020). In the primate retina, the rod-dominant region is referred to as 'peripheral retina', occupies 95 % of the retinal area, and supports low acuity vision (e.g., peripheral vision) (Sterling, 2013); whereas, the cone-dominant 'central retina' supports high acuity, color-sensitive vision (Thoreson and Dacey, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The mammalian rod synaptic ribbon is essential for Ca_vchannel facilitation and ultrafast fusion of the readily releasable pool of vesicles

Grabner

Moser

2020

Preprint

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Rod photoreceptors (PRs) use ribbon synapses to transmit visual information. To signal 'no light detected' they release glutamate continually to activate post-synaptic receptors, and when light is detected glutamate release pauses. How a rod's individual ribbon enables this process was studied here by recording evoked changes in whole-cell membrane capacitance from wild type and ribbonless (RIBEYE-ko) rods. Wild type rods created a readily releasable pool (RRP) of 92 synaptic vesicles (SVs) that emptied as a single kinetic phase with a τ < 0.4 msec. Lowering intracellular Ca2+-buffering accelerated Cav channel opening and facilitated release kinetics, but RRP size was unaltered. In contrast, ribbonless rods created an RRP of 24 SVs, and lacked Cav channel facilitation; however, Ca2+ channel-release coupling remained tight. The release deficits caused a sharp attenuation of rod-driven light responses measured from RIBEYE-ko mice. We conclude that the synaptic ribbon facilitates Ca2+-influx and establishes a large RRP of SVs.

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Cell types and cell circuits in human and non-human primate retina

Cited by 134 publications

References 412 publications

Neuronal Subcompartment Classification and Merge Error Correction

Neuronal Subcompartment Classification and Merge Error Correction

Mammalian Retinal Cell Quantification

The mammalian rod synaptic ribbon is essential for Ca_vchannel facilitation and ultrafast fusion of the readily releasable pool of vesicles

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Cell types and cell circuits in human and non-human primate retina

Cited by 134 publications

References 412 publications

Neuronal Subcompartment Classification and Merge Error Correction

Neuronal Subcompartment Classification and Merge Error Correction

Mammalian Retinal Cell Quantification

The mammalian rod synaptic ribbon is essential for Cavchannel facilitation and ultrafast fusion of the readily releasable pool of vesicles

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

The mammalian rod synaptic ribbon is essential for Ca_vchannel facilitation and ultrafast fusion of the readily releasable pool of vesicles