Cell wall arabinan is essential for guard cell function

Jones, Louise; Milne, Jennifer L.; Ashford, David A.; McQueen‐Mason, Simon J.

doi:10.1073/pnas.1832434100

Cited by 287 publications

(255 citation statements)

References 24 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

236

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Eliminating side chains would then increase these associations and stiffen the wall, as indicated for arabinan side chains by Jones et al (2003) for stomatal guard cell walls, and as our previous experiments suggested (Ulvskov et al, 2005). Wild-type component(s) with t values approximately 1,000 s would, in T13.1, have become immobile enough that their relaxation lies beyond the upper t limit of our spectrum's reliable range.…”

Section: Rheological Changes In Tissues With Modified Wall Polymersmentioning

confidence: 51%

“…This suggests that the removal of arabinan side chains from RG-I backbones in T7.2 may have increased, by some 10-to 100-fold, the viscous resistance that retards the movement of some wall component(s). If this component were RG-I itself, this would diverge from the above-mentioned expectation that side groups tend to restrict backbone mobility, but it would agree with the conclusion of Jones et al (2003Jones et al ( , 2005 that removing arabinans stiffens stomatal guard cell walls.…”

Section: Rheological Changes In Tissues With Modified Wall Polymersmentioning

confidence: 76%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Mechanical Properties of Plant Cell Walls Probed by Relaxation Spectra

et al. 2010

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Transformants and mutants with altered cell wall composition are expected to display a biomechanical phenotype due to the structural role of the cell wall. It is often quite difficult, however, to distinguish the mechanical behavior of a mutant's or transformant's cell walls from that of the wild type. This may be due to the plant's ability to compensate for the wall modification or because the biophysical method that is often employed, determination of simple elastic modulus and breakstrength, lacks the resolving power necessary for detecting subtle mechanical phenotypes. Here, we apply a method, determination of relaxation spectra, which probes, and can separate, the viscoelastic properties of different cell wall components (i.e. those properties that depend on the elastic behavior of load-bearing wall polymers combined with viscous interactions between them). A computer program, BayesRelax, that deduces relaxation spectra from appropriate rheological measurements is presented and made accessible through a Web interface. BayesRelax models the cell wall as a continuum of relaxing elements, and the ability of the method to resolve small differences in cell wall mechanical properties is demonstrated using tuber tissue from wild-type and transgenic potatoes (Solanum tuberosum) that differ in rhamnogalacturonan I side chain structure.

show abstract

Section: Rheological Changes In Tissues With Modified Wall Polymersmentioning

confidence: 51%

Section: Rheological Changes In Tissues With Modified Wall Polymersmentioning

confidence: 76%

Mechanical Properties of Plant Cell Walls Probed by Relaxation Spectra

et al. 2010

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The Cnr tomato mutant shows a disrupted deposition of (1/5)-a-L-arabinan, a modified HG network with reduced calcium-binding capacity in the middle lamellae, and a reduced cell adhesion concomitant with a failure to swell (Orfila et al, 2001(Orfila et al, , 2002. A similar phenomenon is observed in the arabinan-rich walls of Commelina guard cells, in which the wall shape can be frozen open or closed by digestion of 5-linked arabinans (Jones et al, 2003). Cell walls from the Cnr mutant contain larger amounts of galactosyl-and arabinosylrich polysaccharides tightly bound in the cell wall.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

Loss of Highly Branched Arabinans and Debranching of Rhamnogalacturonan I Accompany Loss of Firm Texture and Cell Separation during Prolonged Storage of Apple

2004

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Growth and maturation of the edible cortical cells of apples (Malus domestica Borkh) are accompanied by a selective loss of pectin-associated (1/4)-b-D-galactan from the cell walls, whereas a selective loss of highly branched (1/5)-a-L-arabinans occurs after ripening and in advance of the loss of firm texture. The selective loss of highly branched arabinans occurs during the overripening of apples of four cultivars (Gala, Red Delicious, Firm Gold, and Gold Rush) that varied markedly in storage life, but, in all instances, the loss prestages the loss of firm texture, measured by both breaking strength and compression resistance. The unbranched (1/5)-linked arabinans remain associated with the major pectic polymer, rhamnogalacturonan I, and their content remains essentially unchanged during overripening. However, the degree of rhamnogalacturonan I branching at the rhamnosyl residues also decreases, but only after extensive loss of the highly branched arabinans. In contrast to the decrease in arabinan content, the loss of the rhamnogalacturonan I branching is tightly correlated with loss of firm texture in all cultivars, regardless of storage time. In vitro cell separation assays show that structural proteins, perhaps via their phenolic residues, and homogalacturonans also contribute to cell adhesion. Implications of these cell wall modifications in the mechanisms of apple cortex textural changes and cell separation are discussed.Loss of firm texture and cell adhesion are ripeningassociated processes that affect fruit quality and postharvest storage. Because the pectin substances are enriched in the walls of fruit cells compared to primary walls of other growing cells and because they constitute major components of the middle lamellae, these acidic polysaccharides have long been suspected to play key roles in fruit ripening (Jarvis, 1984;Brummel and Harpster, 2001). Over the years changes in pectin composition during fruit ripening have been studied extensively in many species, but the association of biochemical changes with changes in fruit texture is still unclear. Pectin depolymerization has little impact on wall swelling and softening during tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) fruit ripening (Smith et al., 1988), and in other instances the swelling state of several fruit walls may change markedly without significant pectin depolymerization (Redgwell et al., 1997). Rose et al. (1998) show that wall swelling and softening may be accompanied by pectin depolymerization events, but the events are either not the only requirements or they may be unrelated to ripening. One of the surprises that emerged from the completion of the Arabidopsis genome sequence is the large number of genes that putatively encode polysaccharide degrading enzymes (Arabidopsis Genome Initiative, 2000). For example, Arabidopsis contains more than 250 genes that encode enzymes that are related to those that depolymerize pectins (Henrissat et al., 2001). This significant allotment of the genome toward pectin hydrolysis forces plant biologists to rec...

show abstract

“…Hydrolysates were resuspended in 200 μL of water. Monosaccharide analysis of the TFA treated pretreatment liquor (1 mL) was performed by high performance anion-exchange chromatography (HPAEC) (Dionex IC 3000) on a Dionex Carbopac PA-20 column with integrated amperometry detection [15]. The separated monosaccharides were quantified using external calibration with an equimolar mixture of nine monosaccharide standards (arabinose, fucose, galactose, galacturonic acid, glucose, glucuronic acid, mannose, rhamnose and xylose), which were subjected to TFA hydrolysis in parallel with the samples.…”

Section: Total Sugar Content In Pretreatment Liquorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Side by Side Comparison of Chemical Compounds Generated by Aqueous Pretreatments of Maize Stover, Miscanthus and Sugarcane Bagasse

et al. 2014

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In order to examine the potential for coproduct generation, we have characterised chemical compounds released by a range of alkaline and acidic aqueous pretreatments as well as the effect of these pretreatments on the saccharification ability of the lignocellulosic material. Comparative experiments were performed using three biomass types chosen for their potential as second-generation biofuel feedstocks: maize stover, miscanthus and sugarcane bagasse. The release of lignin from the feedstock correlated with the residual biomass saccharification potential, which was consistently higher after alkaline pretreament for all three feedstock types.Alkaline pretreatment released more complex mixtures of pentose and hexose sugars into the pretreatment liquor than did acid pretreatment. In addition, complex mixtures of aromatic and aliphatic compounds were released into pretreatment liquors under alkaline conditions, in a temperaturedependent manner, but far less so under acidic conditions. We show that the three feedstocks characterised interact with the pretreatment conditions in a specific manner to generate different ranges of products, highlighting the need to tailor pretreatments to both the starting feedstock and desired outcomes.

show abstract

Cell wall arabinan is essential for guard cell function

Cited by 287 publications

References 24 publications

Mechanical Properties of Plant Cell Walls Probed by Relaxation Spectra

Mechanical Properties of Plant Cell Walls Probed by Relaxation Spectra

Loss of Highly Branched Arabinans and Debranching of Rhamnogalacturonan I Accompany Loss of Firm Texture and Cell Separation during Prolonged Storage of Apple

Side by Side Comparison of Chemical Compounds Generated by Aqueous Pretreatments of Maize Stover, Miscanthus and Sugarcane Bagasse

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About