Cell Wall Biology in Red Algae: Divide and Conquer

Vreeland, V. J.; Kloareg, Bernard

doi:10.1046/j.1529-8817.2000.03651-2.x

Cited by 7 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Our isolate also did not infect filamentous gametophytic Bangiales ("Bangia") nor any filamentous sporophytic phases ('conchocelis') which has been suggested before based on infection of Pythium marinum Sparrow (Kerwin et al 1992), a species in clade B of Pythium (Lévesque and De Cock 2004). The cell wall composition of conchocelis phases is known to differ from the gametophytes (Mukai et al 1981, Vreeland andKloareg 2000), and carbohydrates are known to be important in spore attachment and penetration in P. porphyrae (Uppalapati and Fujita 2000). In our experiments, P. porphyrae was not able to infect members of the Florideophyceae, while the original collection of P. chondricola was from decaying red algae (e.g., Chrondrus crispus) but it is unclear if Pythium was a necrotroph or a saprotroph from the original descriptions (De Cock 1986).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 60%

A pathogen of New Zealand Pyropia plicata (Bangiales, Rhodophyta), Pythium porphyrae (Oomycota)

Diehl

Kim

Zuccarello

2017

ALGAE

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Geographic distributions of pathogens are affected by dynamic processes involving host susceptibility, availability and abundance. An oomycete, Pythium porphyrae, is the causative agent of red rot disease, which plagues Pyropia farms in Korea and Japan almost every year and causes serious economic damage. We isolated an oomycete pathogen infecting Pyropia plicata from a natural population in Wellington, New Zealand. The pathogen was identified as Pythium porphyrae using cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 and internal transcribed spacer of the rDNA cistron molecular markers. Susceptibility test showed that this Pythium from New Zealand was able to infect several different species and genera of Bangiales including Pyropia but is not able to infect their sporophytic (conchocelis) phases. The sequences of the isolated New Zealand strain were also identical to Pythium chondricola from Korea and the type strain from the Netherlands. Genetic species delimitation analyses found no support for separating P. porphyrae from P. chondricola, nor do we find morphological characters to distinguish them. We propose that Pythium chondricola be placed in synonymy with P. porphyrae. It appears that the pathogen of Pyropia, both in aquaculture in the northern hemisphere and in natural populations in the southern hemisphere is one species.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 60%

A pathogen of New Zealand Pyropia plicata (Bangiales, Rhodophyta), Pythium porphyrae (Oomycota)

Diehl

Kim

Zuccarello

2017

ALGAE

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“…Differences in the composition of hydro-soluble and hydro-insoluble materials between apices and axes cells of K. alvarezii have been shown by Lechat et al (1997) through partitioning by wet sieving. Using monoclonal antibodies (Vreeland et al, 1992;Vreeland & Kloareg, 2000) and specific hybridization probes (Zablackis et al, 1991), κ-carrageenan has been found to be localized in the wall and in the intercellular matrix of the cortex, medulla and the central axis, while ι-carrageenan are essentially concentrated at the plant surface, in the epidermis and cuticle in both young and old tissues, and in the axial core cells and thylles of older tissues.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation of protoplasts from tissue fragments of Philippine cultivars of Kappaphycus alvarezii (Solieriaceae, Rhodophyta)

Salvador

2005

J Appl Phycol

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Protoplasts were isolated from tissue fragments (<1 mm 2 ) of three Philippine cultivars of Kappaphycus alvarezii: the giant cultivar, cultivar L and Bohol wild type, by enzymatic dissolution of cell walls. Yields of viable protoplasts from young and old thalli (apical, middle, basal segments) were compared at various temperatures, duration of treatment and pH using eight combinations of commercial enzymes (abalone acetone powder and cellulase), and prepared extracts from fresh viscera of abalone (Haliotis asinina) and a terrestrial garden snail. Isolated protoplasts were grown in various culture media, temperatures, photoperiods and irradiance values to determine the conditions that favor germination and growth.Protoplast yields in tissues treated with commercial enzymes and the garden snail extract were lower than those obtained in tissues treated with fresh abalone extracts. Generally, the number of viable protoplasts increased with duration of enzyme treatment at 25 • C with a maximum yield of 8.2 × 10 3 g −1 tissue at 48 h. Yields were consistently higher in all cultivars at pH 6.1. The yields were also high from the middle segments of the giant cultivar (3.7 × 10 3 g −1 tissue) and Bohol wild type (4.5 × 10 3 g −1 tissue) treated with fresh abalone extract, and from basal segments of cultivar L and tissues treated with garden snail extract. The germination rate of protoplasts was highest (39.8%) at 25 • C and 20 µmol photon m −2 s −1 , using a 12:12 light dark photoperiod. The filament was 3.7 mm long by Day 5. These findings are relevant to developing cultures from protoplasts for genetic or strain improvement of K . alvarezii cultivars.Abbreviations: AAP, abalone acetone powder; Cel, cellulase; EP6, enzyme extract 6 (5% AAP + 2% Cel); UPV, University of the Philippines in the Visayas

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“…Agars, carrageenans, xylans, floridian starch, and water‐soluble sulfated galactans are the main components of red algae (Cian et al, 2015; Stiger‐Pouvreau et al, 2016). Moreover, the agaroids and carrageenan polysaccharide families were highly variable to different species (Rinaudo, 2007; Vreeland and Kloareg, 2000). Hence, depending upon the complexity by which these carbohydrate moieties were linked with proteins and other components, the place where the enzyme cleaves this complex determines the composition and hence the bioactivity of the enzymatic extracts.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Enzymatic Hydrolysis on the Antioxidant Activity of Red and Green Seaweeds and Characterization of the Active Extracts

Habeebullah

Surendraraj

Sattari

et al. 2021

J Americ Oil Chem Soc

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In the present study, the effect of enzymatic hydrolysis on the antioxidant activity of three red seaweeds (Chondria cornuta, Chondria dasyphylla, and Murrayella periclados) and two green seaweeds (Cladophora sp. and Ulva lactuca) from the Kuwait coast were evaluated. The seaweeds were hydrolyzed with five carbohydrases and three proteases, and the resulting extracts were tested for antioxidant activity. The total phenolic content and yield of the extracts varied greatly depending upon the species and enzyme used for hydrolysis. Of the 40 enzymatic extracts screened for antioxidant activity, the Viscozyme and Alcalase extracts of M. periclados, Neutrase and Ultraflo extracts of Cladophora sp., and Neutrase extracts of C. cornuta had high antioxidant activity compared to other enzymatic extracts in various in vitro assays. Fractionation of the extracts revealed that the radical scavenging and reducing power of the extracts were mainly due to phenolic fractions. In contrast, the iron‐chelating ability was mainly due to protein fractions. The level of prevention of lipid oxidation in the liposome model system varied for different fractions of extracts and did not correlate with total phenolic content and other antioxidant properties. The results of the study show that, by hydrolyzing seaweeds with specific enzymes, customized seaweed extracts with specific bioactivity could be obtained.

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Cell Wall Biology in Red Algae: Divide and Conquer

Cited by 7 publications

References 15 publications

A pathogen of New Zealand Pyropia plicata (Bangiales, Rhodophyta), Pythium porphyrae (Oomycota)

A pathogen of New Zealand Pyropia plicata (Bangiales, Rhodophyta), Pythium porphyrae (Oomycota)

Isolation of protoplasts from tissue fragments of Philippine cultivars of Kappaphycus alvarezii (Solieriaceae, Rhodophyta)

Effect of Enzymatic Hydrolysis on the Antioxidant Activity of Red and Green Seaweeds and Characterization of the Active Extracts

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