Cell wall integrity

Abstract

The plant cell wall, a dynamic network of polysaccharides and glycoproteins of significant compositional and structural complexity, functions in plant growth, development and stress responses. in recent years, the existence of plant cell wall integrity (Cwi) maintenance mechanisms has been demonstrated, but little is known about the signaling pathways involved, or their components. examination of key mutants has shed light on the relationships between cell wall remodeling and plant cell responses, indicating a central role for the regulatory network that monitors and controls cell wall performance and integrity. in this review, we present a short overview of cell wall composition and discuss post-synthetic cell wall modification as a valuable approach for studying Cwi perception and signaling pathways.

Phenylpropanoid Pathway Engineering: An Emerging Approach towards Plant Defense

“…The initial response to the recognition of various groups of pathogens involves a dynamic augmentation of the cell wall by depositing cell wall appositions generally regarded as papillae. Pectin is one of the primary structures to be modified during pathogen intrusion and proof shows that post-synthetic changes in pectic polysaccharides influence the resistance of plants to pathogens [6,7]. Vogel et al [8] speculated that adjustment in pectin alteration may bring the discharge of defense elicitor-dynamic fragments upon degeneration by powdery mildew hydrolytic enzymes.…”

Plant cell wall dynamics and wall-related susceptibility in plant–pathogen interactions

“…Plants perceive a diverse set of microbial molecules referred to as microbial/pathogen associated molecular patterns (MAMPs/PAMPs; Boller and He, 2009) through high-affinity cell surface pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) leading to intracellular signaling, transcriptional reprogramming, and biosynthesis of defense metabolites that limit the microbial infection (Dangl et al, 2013). Emerging evidences indicate that plant cells also exploit sophisticated mechanisms of sensing the alteration of cell wall integrity (CWI) during biotic stress (Hamann, 2012; Pogorelko et al, 2013a). For instance, they perceive endogenous molecules produced in damaged tissues (the so-called damage-associated molecular patterns, or DAMPs) through membrane receptors (Ferrari et al, 2013).…”

Plant Cell Wall in Symbiotic Interactions. Pectins

“…Электронно-микроскопические исследования показали, что ризобии проникают через небольшую деградированную область клеточной стенки растения. Известно участие ферментов, деградирующих клеточную стенку, в инфекционном процессе, что позволяет бактериям проникать внутрь растений (4,33). У Rhizobium etli, вступающей в симбиоз с Phaseolus vulgaris L., был выявлен ген HrpW, относящийся к секреторной системе III типа, продукт которого проявлял ферментативную активность пектатлиазы (35).…”

“…РГ-I -наиболее структурно гетерогенный пектин, а распространенность и состав боковых цепей РГ-I значительно различается в зависимости от типа клеток, стадии развития и вида растения (39). Основная цепь РГ-I играет важную роль в целостности и функционировании клеточной стенки, поскольку ее деградация вследствие экспрессии гидролаз приводит к морфологическим изменениям (33). При этом часть молекул РГ-I взаимодействует с микрофибриллами целлюлозы, а РГ-I с галактановыми боковыми цепями со средней степенью полимеризации способен к самосвязыванию за счет галактозных цепей (57).…”