Cell wall reinforcement in watermelon shoot base related to its resistance to Fusarium wilt caused by <i>Fusarium oxysporum</i> f. sp. <i>niveum</i>

Chang, Tao-Ho; Lin, Yi-Jia; Chen, K.-S.; Huang, Jenn-Wen; Hsiao, Shu-Chuan; Chang, Pi-Fang Linda

doi:10.1017/s0021859614000057

Cited by 12 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The culture of F. oxysporum f. sp. niveum (FON) used in this study was originally isolated from infected stems collected from watermelon fields located in Jiangsu, China by the method described by Chang, Ling, Chen, and Huang (). FON was pathogenic to watermelons in in vivo experiments.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antifungal and plant growth promotion activity of volatile organic compounds produced by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens

Zhou

et al. 2019

MicrobiologyOpen

136

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Fusarium wilt of watermelon, caused by F. oxysporum f.sp. niveum (FON), is a devastating disease that causes extensive losses throughout the world. Five bacterial strains (L3, h, β, b, and L) isolated from the watermelon rhizosphere showed antagonistic activity against FON during in vitro tests. Strain L3 produced diffusible and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) which showed the strongest antifungal activity. Arabidopsis thaliana plantlets exposed to VOCs produced by strain L3 showed a 2.39‐fold increase in biomass, 1.40‐fold increase in primary root length, and 5.05‐fold increase in number of lateral roots. Confocal laser scanning microscope showed that the GFP‐labeled strain L3 could colonize along the elongation and differentiation zones of watermelon roots. In greenhouse pot experiments, the biocontrol efficiency of strain L3 against fusarium wilt of watermelon was up to 68.4% in comparison with the control treatment. In addition, inoculation of the strain L3 resulted in a 23.4% increase in plant fresh weight. Based on 16S rDNA sequence analysis, the strain L3 was identified as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens L3. Fourteen VOCs produced by strain L3 were identified through GC‐MS analysis. Of nine VOCs tested, 2‐nonanone and 2‐heptanone were proved to have strong antifungal properties. Acetoin and 2,3‐butanediol were found to promote plant growth. The results suggested B. amyloliquefaciens L3 was a potential biocontrol agent, and that VOCs produced by B. amyloliquefaciens L3 play important roles in the process of biocontrol and plant growth promotion.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antifungal and plant growth promotion activity of volatile organic compounds produced by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens

Zhou

et al. 2019

MicrobiologyOpen

136

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“…Two weeks after growing, GB seedlings were up-rooted and cleaned with running water to reveal the seedlings’ rooting system. The second method was infested soil inoculation according to Chang et al (2015) [2]. Fon ST and degenerated variants were cultivated in half-strength PDA, after two weeks cultivation, the Fon mycelium and spores were collected from the plate and mixed in the sterilised sand.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fusarium wilt of watermelon, caused by F. oxysporum f. sp. niveum (Fon), is one of the limiting factors for watermelon production worldwide [2,3]. During most of watermelon growing stages, Fon infects watermelon and causes annual losses of watermelon production to 10% to 15% of yield [4,5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During most of watermelon growing stages, Fon infects watermelon and causes annual losses of watermelon production to 10% to 15% of yield [4,5]. One of the most recommended methods for controlling this disease is breeding the resistant line; however, this is a time-consuming approach [2]. Another approach is using non-pathogenic F. oxysporum , which antagonises the pathogenic Fo or primes host immune response.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Degenerated virulence and irregular development ofFusarium oxysporumf. sp.niveuminduced by successive subculture

Chang

Lin

Wan

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Successive cultivation of fungus has been reported to cause the sectorization, which leads to degeneration of developmental phenotype, and virulence. Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum (Fon), the causal agent of watermelon Fusarium wilt, demonstrated that successive cultivation formed the degenerated sectors. In the present research, we demonstrated that subculture with aged mycelium increased the incidence of degenerations. To further investigate the differences between the Fon wild type (sporodochial type, ST) and variants (MT: mycelium type and PT: pionnotal type), developmental phenotypes and pathogenicity to watermelon were examined. Results have shown that degeneration variants (PT2, PT3, PT11 and MT6) were different from ST with mycelium growth, conidia production and chlamydospore formation. Virulence of degenerated variants on susceptible watermelon Grand Baby (GB) cultivar was determined after inoculated with Fon variants and Fon ST. In root dipping methods, all Fon variants showed slightly increased disease severity than ST. Conversely, all Fon variants showed a significant decrease in disease progression compared with ST through infested soil inoculation. The contrary results of two inoculation methods suggest that the changes of successive cultural degeneration may lead to the loss of pathogen virulence-related factors of the early stage of Fon infection process. Therefore, Cell wall-degrading enzymes (CWDEs; cellulase, pectinase, and xylanase) activities of different variants were analysed. All Fon degenerated variants demonstrated significantly decreased of CWDEs activities compared with ST. Additionally, transcripts level of 9 virulence-related genes (fmk1, fgb1, pacC, xlnR, pl1, rho1, gas1, wc1 and fow1) were assessed in normal state. The degenerated variants demonstrated a significantly low level of tested virulence-related genes transcripts except for fmk1, xlnR and fow1. In summary, the degeneration of Fon is triggered with successive subculture through aged mycelium. The degeneration showed significant impacts on virulence to watermelon, which caused by the reduction of CWDEs activities and declining expression of a set of virulence-related genes.

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“…Lignin and other phenylpropanoid metabolites have long been implicated in plant defense (Naoumkina et al 2010;Nicholson and Hammerschmidt 1992;Walter 1992) as induced or extant physical barriers within the cell walls to limit pathogen ingress (Uloth et al 2015;Wuyts et al 2007; and antimicrobial or signaling molecules directly or indirectly inhibiting pathogen progression (Chang et al 2015;Gunnaiah and Kushalappa 2014;Naoumkina et al 2010). However, the role of these plant constituents became more complex in sorghum when bmr6, bmr12, and bmr6 bmr12 double mutant lines, significantly reduced in lignin content (Oliver et al 2005;Pedersen et al 2008), were compared with near-isogenic wild-type lines for responses to sorghum fungal stalk pathogens.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Response of Sorghum Enhanced in Monolignol Biosynthesis to Stalk Rot Pathogens

et al. 2019

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To increase phenylpropanoid constituents and energy content in the versatile C4 grass sorghum (Sorghum bicolor [L.] Moench), sorghum genes for proteins related to monolignol biosynthesis were overexpressed: SbMyb60 (transcriptional activator), SbPAL (phenylalanine ammonia lyase), SbCCoAOMT (caffeoyl coenzyme A [CoA] 3-O-methyltransferase), Bmr2 (4-coumarate:CoA ligase), and SbC3H (coumaroyl shikimate 3-hydroxylase). Overexpression lines were evaluated for responses to stalk pathogens under greenhouse and field conditions. Greenhouse-grown plants were inoculated with Fusarium thapsinum (Fusarium stalk rot) and Macrophomina phaseolina (charcoal rot), which cause yield-reducing diseases. F. thapsinum-inoculated overexpression plants had mean lesion lengths not significantly different than wild-type, except for significantly smaller lesions on two of three SbMyb60 and one of two SbCCoAOMT lines. M. phaseolina-inoculated overexpression lines had lesions not significantly different from wild-type except one SbPAL line (of two lines studied) with mean lesion lengths significantly larger. Field-grown SbMyb60 and SbCCoAOMT overexpression plants were inoculated with F. thapsinum. Mean lesions of SbMyb60 lines were similar to wild-type, but one SbCCoAOMT had larger lesions, whereas the other line was not significantly different than wild-type. Because overexpression of SbMyb60, Bmr2, or SbC3H may not render sorghum more susceptible to stalk rots, these lines may provide sources for development of sorghum with increased phenylpropanoid concentrations.

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Cell wall reinforcement in watermelon shoot base related to its resistance to Fusarium wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum

Cited by 12 publications

References 27 publications

Antifungal and plant growth promotion activity of volatile organic compounds produced by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens

Antifungal and plant growth promotion activity of volatile organic compounds produced by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens

Degenerated virulence and irregular development ofFusarium oxysporumf. sp.niveuminduced by successive subculture

Response of Sorghum Enhanced in Monolignol Biosynthesis to Stalk Rot Pathogens

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