Cell Walls: Structure and Biogenesis

Buanafina, Marcia M. de O.; Cosgrove, Daniel J.

doi:10.1002/9781118771280.ch13

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…Deciphering how chemical signals and physical forces interact to regulate the overall size, shape, and organizational structure of a growing tissue is a central problem in the development of animals and plants. In contrast to their animal counterparts, plant cells are physically adhered to each other through their shared cell wall and do not move relative to one another during tissue growth and morphogenesis [1][2][3][4][5][6][7]. As such, the precise regulation of cell growth and division rates, polarization, and division plane orientation play critical roles in pattern formation and maintaining the size and shape of plant tissues.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combined computational modeling and experimental analysis integrating chemical and mechanical signals suggests possible mechanism of shoot meristem maintenance

et al. 2022

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Stem cell maintenance in multilayered shoot apical meristems (SAMs) of plants requires strict regulation of cell growth and division. Exactly how the complex milieu of chemical and mechanical signals interact in the central region of the SAM to regulate cell division plane orientation is not well understood. In this paper, simulations using a newly developed multiscale computational model are combined with experimental studies to suggest and test three hypothesized mechanisms for the regulation of cell division plane orientation and the direction of anisotropic cell expansion in the corpus. Simulations predict that in the Apical corpus, WUSCHEL and cytokinin regulate the direction of anisotropic cell expansion, and cells divide according to tensile stress on the cell wall. In the Basal corpus, model simulations suggest dual roles for WUSCHEL and cytokinin in regulating both the direction of anisotropic cell expansion and cell division plane orientation. Simulation results are followed by a detailed analysis of changes in cell characteristics upon manipulation of WUSCHEL and cytokinin in experiments that support model predictions. Moreover, simulations predict that this layer-specific mechanism maintains both the experimentally observed shape and structure of the SAM as well as the distribution of WUSCHEL in the tissue. This provides an additional link between the roles of WUSCHEL, cytokinin, and mechanical stress in regulating SAM growth and proper stem cell maintenance in the SAM.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combined computational modeling and experimental analysis integrating chemical and mechanical signals suggests possible mechanism of shoot meristem maintenance

et al. 2022

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“…However, Y(II) is affected not only by the content of chloroplasts in measured leaves but also by the photochemical activity of the photosynthetic apparatus (Silva-Cancino et al, 2012). Dissipation of excess energy (NPQ), the release of surplus energy mainly via heat production, is a vital alternate energy dissipation route in plants (Taiz and Zeiger, 2006;Lambrev et al, 2012). A rise in NPQ with more nitrogen application was observed (Table 3).…”

Section: Potential Effects Of Water and Nitrogen Systemic Regulation On Chlorophyll A Fluorescence Of Maize Under High Planting Densitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, changes in photosynthetic characteristics, such as pigment content and photosynthetic rate, are maybe due to the combined effects of light interception intensity and competition for soil water and nitrogen when individual crops are planted close to each other. So far, most studies on the systemic regulation of photosynthesis have been conducted under artificially controlled light conditions (Taiz and Zeiger, 2006;Klughammer and Schreiber, 2008;Lambrev et al, 2012). Also, such research often focuses on photosynthetic traits of entire plants under low-or high-light intensity conditions (Li et al, 2010;Deng et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photosynthetic Physiological Characteristics of Water and Nitrogen Coupling for Enhanced High-Density Tolerance and Increased Yield of Maize in Arid Irrigation Regions

Guo

Yin

Fan³

et al. 2021

Front. Plant Sci.

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To some extent, the photosynthetic traits of developing leaves of maize are regulated systemically by water and nitrogen. However, it remains unclear whether photosynthesis is systematically regulated via water and nitrogen when maize crops are grown under close (high density) planting conditions. To address this, a field experiment that had a split-split plot arrangement of treatments was designed. Two irrigation levels on local traditional irrigation level (high, I2, 4,050 m3 ha−1) and reduced by 20% (low, I1, 3,240 m3 ha−1) formed the main plots; two levels of nitrogen fertilizer at a local traditional nitrogen level (high, N2, 360 kg ha−1) and reduced by 25% (low, N1, 270 kg ha−1) formed the split plots; three planting densities of low (D1, 7.5 plants m−2), medium (D2, 9.75 plants m−2), and high (D3, 12 plants m−2) formed the split-split plots. The grain yield, gas exchange, and chlorophyll a fluorescence of the closely planted maize crops were assessed. The results showed that water–nitrogen coupling regulated their net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs), transpiration rate (Tr), quantum yield of non-regulated non-photochemical energy loss [Y(NO)], actual photochemical efficiency of PSII [Y(II)], and quantum yield of regulated non-photochemical energy loss [Y(NPQ)]. When maize plants were grown at low irrigation with traditional nitrogen and at a medium density (i.e., I1N2D2), they had Pn, Gs, and Tr higher than those of grown under traditional treatment conditions (i.e., I2N2D1). Moreover, the increased photosynthesis in the leaves of maize in the I1N2D2 treatment was mainly caused by decreased Y(NO), and increased Y(II) and Y(NPQ). The coupling of 20%-reduced irrigation with the traditional nitrogen application boosted the grain yield of medium density-planted maize, whose Pn, Gs, Tr, Y(II), and Y(NPQ) were enhanced, and its Y(NO) was reduced. Redundancy analysis revealed that both Y(II) and SPAD were the most important physiological factors affecting maize yield performance, followed by Y(NPQ) and NPQ. Using the 20% reduction in irrigation and traditional nitrogen application at a medium density of planting (I1N2D2) could thus be considered as feasible management practices, which could provide technical guidance for further exploring high yields of closely planted maize plants in arid irrigation regions.

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