Cellular and body scale structure of Heterocapsa ovata sp. nov. and Heterocapsa orientalis sp. nov. (Peridiniales, Dinophyceae)

Iwataki, Mitsunori; Botes, Lizeth; Sawaguchi, Tomohiro; Sekiguchi, Katsushi; Fukuyo, Yasuwo

doi:10.2216/i0031-8884-42-6-629.1

Cited by 26 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…On the other hand, viability as Table 1. Characters of body scale ultrastructure in Heterocapsa species taken from Iwataki et al (2004) with the addition of Heterocapsa minima, H. psammophila (Tamura et al 2005), H. huensis (Iwataki et al, 2009) and H. arctica subsp. frigida (Rintala et al, 2010) free-living cells has been demonstrated for another Heterocapsa isolated from acantharia.…”

Section: Molecular Genetic Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…E-mail: rafael.salas@marine.ie H. circularisquama Horiguchi is a harmful species (Nagai et al, 1996) which caused large-scale bivalve mortalities in Japan in 1992 (Matsuyama et al, 1997) and is a serious threat to the Japanese and Hong Kong mussel industry. The discovery of this species and the obvious need to discriminate it correctly and without ambiguity from other co-occurring Heterocapsa species have driven many studies on the genus Heterocapsa in Japan in the last 15 years (Horiguchi, 1995(Horiguchi, , 1997Matsuyama et al, 1997;Matsuyama, 1999;Iwataki et al, 2002aIwataki et al, , 2002bIwataki et al, , 2003Iwataki et al, , 2004Iwataki et al, , 2009Tamura et al, 2005;Iwataki, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Morphological and molecular characterization of the small armoured dinoflagellateHeterocapsa minima(Peridiniales, Dinophyceae)

Salas¹,

Tillmann²,

Kavanagh³

2014

European Journal of Phycology

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The dinophycean genus Heterocapsa is of considerable interest as it contains a number of bloom-forming and/or harmful species. Fine structure of organic body scales is regarded as the most important morphological feature for species determination but currently is unknown for the species H. minima described by Pomroy 25 years ago. Availability of a culture of H. minima collected in the south-west of Ireland allowed us to provide important information for this species, including cell size, cell organelle location, thecal plate pattern, body scale fine structure and molecular phylogeny. Light microscopy revealed the presence of one reticulate chloroplast, an elongated centrally located nucleus, and the presence of one pyrenoid surrounded by a starch sheath. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of the thecal plate pattern indicated that Pomroy erroneously designated the narrow first cingular plate as a sulcal plate. In addition, SEM revealed as yet unreported details of the apical pore complex and uncommon ornamentations of hypothecal plates. Organic body scales of H. minima were about 400 nm in size, roundish, with a small central hole and one central, six peripheral and three radiating spines. They differ from other body scales described within this genus allowing for positive identification of H. minima. Heterocapsa minima shares gross cell morphological features (hyposome smaller than episome, elongated nucleus in the middle of the cell, one pyrenoid located in the episome on its left side) with H. arctica (both subspecies H. arctica subsp. arctica and H. arctica subsp. frigida), H. lanceolata and H. rotundata. These relationships are reflected in the phylogenetic trees based on LSU and ITS rDNA sequence data, which identified H. arctica (both subspecies), H. rotundata and H. lanceolata as close relatives of H. minima.

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Section: Molecular Genetic Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphological and molecular characterization of the small armoured dinoflagellateHeterocapsa minima(Peridiniales, Dinophyceae)

Salas¹,

Tillmann²,

Kavanagh³

2014

European Journal of Phycology

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“…In the last decade, following the description of the harmful species H. circularisquama (Horiguchi 1995 (Horiguchi 1997, Iwataki et al 2002a, 2003, 2004, Tamura et al 2005. Based on a comparison of morphological characteristics, common characters of the genus Heterocapsa were reexamined and the generic diagnosis was emended by Iwataki & Fukuyo as: unicellular photosynthetic dinoflagellate with thecal plates arranged as Po, cp, 5Ј, 3a, 7Љ, 6c, 5s, 5ٞ, 2ЉЉ and three-dimensional triradiate body scales (Iwataki et al 2003).…”

Section: Taxonomic History Of Heterocapsamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based on a comparison of morphological characteristics, common characters of the genus Heterocapsa were reexamined and the generic diagnosis was emended by Iwataki & Fukuyo as: unicellular photosynthetic dinoflagellate with thecal plates arranged as Po, cp, 5Ј, 3a, 7Љ, 6c, 5s, 5ٞ, 2ЉЉ and three-dimensional triradiate body scales (Iwataki et al 2003). Iwataki et al (2004) reanalyzed body scale fine structures of reported Heterocapsa species and demonstrated the utility of scale structure for reliable species identification.…”

Section: Taxonomic History Of Heterocapsamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For taxonomic assignment of unidentified species and unambiguous identification of H. circularisquama, reliable criteria are required. Reinvestigations of common morphological characters for the genus such as typical thecal plate arrangement (Po,cp,5Ј,3a,7Љ,6c,5s,5ٞ,2ЉЉ) and ultrastructure of the triradiate body scales covering the cell surface have been carried out recently, and the taxonomy of this genus was reassessed (Iwataki et al 2003(Iwataki et al , 2004. As a result of this work, fifteen species are now recognized as possessing morphological characters common to Heterocapsa.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Taxonomy and identification of the armored dinoflagellate genus Heterocapsa (Peridiniales, Dinophyceae)

Iwataki¹

2008

Plankton Benthos Res

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Abstract:The armored dinoflagellate genus Heterocapsa is composed of relatively small species, including a species responsible for harmful red tides, H. circularisquama. Some Heterocapsa species such as H. rotundata and H. triquetra have been well documented as red tide-forming species, but are not recognized as causing harmful effects. Following sequential shellfish mass mortalities in the coastal waters of western Japan due to H. circularisquama red tides, this species has attracted considerable interest. Many properties of this species, such as its distribution and growth characteristics, have been investigated to better understand the mechanisms involved in harmful red tide formation. Related to the need for unambiguous identification of H. circularisquama, several unidentified (or undescribed) Heterocapsa species, which must be distinguished from the harmful taxon, have been detected sympatrically in regions where H. circularisquama blooms occur. However, the taxonomic affiliation of these Heterocapsa species have not yet been determined because several characteristics of Heterocapsa (e.g. body scale ultrastructure) have not yet been reported from all described species due to the changing taxonomic criteria. After the taxonomic ambiguities in this genus were resolved, cellular and body scale morphology of Heterocapsa were reinvestigated and several new species were described. In the present paper, the taxonomic history and morphological characters of the genus Heterocapsa are summarized.

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Development of a rapid and effective method for preparing delicate dinoflagellates for scanning electron microscopy

et al. 2009

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We developed a rapid and effective procedure for scanning electron microscopy of three delicate dinoflagellates, Karlodinium micrum, Akashiwo sanguinea, and Heterocapsa niei. Good results were obtained when the specimens were fixed with a modified Párducz's fixative (2% osmium tetroxide:saturated mercuric chloride = 5:1v/v) for 10 min, washed in 0.05 M sodium cacodylate trihydrate buffer for 2 min, dehydrated in tert-butanol for 10 min and dried with hexamethyldisilazane in air for 3 min in a fume hood because reagents are very toxic. This method could be completed in 25 min. Compared with other preparative techniques, the present protocol has significant advantages for SEM observation by limiting distortion of delicate specimens and reducing the preparation time.

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Cellular and body scale structure of Heterocapsa ovata sp. nov. and Heterocapsa orientalis sp. nov. (Peridiniales, Dinophyceae)

Abstract: Cellular and body scale structure of Heterocapsa ovata sp. nov. and Heterocapsa orientalis sp. nov. (Peridiniales, Dinopbyceae) MITSUNORI IWATAKI'*t, LIZETH BOTEs2, TOMOHIRO SAWAGUCHI3, KATSUSHI SEKIGUCHI4 AND YASUWO FUKUyo5

Cited by 26 publications

References 13 publications

Morphological and molecular characterization of the small armoured dinoflagellateHeterocapsa minima(Peridiniales, Dinophyceae)

Morphological and molecular characterization of the small armoured dinoflagellateHeterocapsa minima(Peridiniales, Dinophyceae)

Taxonomy and identification of the armored dinoflagellate genus Heterocapsa (Peridiniales, Dinophyceae)

Development of a rapid and effective method for preparing delicate dinoflagellates for scanning electron microscopy

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