Cellular and humoral immune response to the fourth Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine dose in individuals aged 60 years and older

Saiag, Esther; Alcalay, Yifat; Marudi, Or; Orr‐Urtreger, Avi; Hagin, David

doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.12.035

Cited by 5 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…A second explanation could be a decline in the neutralizing capacity of the immune response over time among individuals of this age group. This aligns with other studies that have found that lower NAbs titers against RBD-Domain in mRNA vaccines platforms among elderly [21] . Conversely, there are also studies describing higher NAbs titers in older patients who have recovered from COVID-19 [22] .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Notably, extrapolating the mathematical model of the Influenza framework to SARS-CoV-2, NAbs titers could serve as a predictor of immunity protection, the severity of the condition and even in relation to the efficacy of vaccines against various variants [26] . Meanwhile, the immune system and adaptive memory response also plays a decisive role in the clearing of the infection [21] . In addition, B and T cells are critical in recognizing and eliminating virus-infected cells in the body.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Factors influencing neutralizing antibody response to the original SARS-CoV-2 virus and the Omicron variant in a high vaccination coverage country, a population-based study

Hormazábal,

Nuñez-Franz,

Rubilar

et al. 2023

Vaccine: X

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors influencing neutralizing antibody response to the original SARS-CoV-2 virus and the Omicron variant in a high vaccination coverage country, a population-based study

Hormazábal,

Nuñez-Franz,

Rubilar

et al. 2023

Vaccine: X

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…Finally, antibody decay after the first and the second boost of mRNA vaccines have been documented in the literature 3 , 17 , 18 , 22 . So accordingly, the anti-RBD IgG levels obtained after the second boost were significantly higher than the anti-RBD IgG levels after the first boost, when the latter were corrected for elapsed time (Table 2 , Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Comparing this study to other published data is complex. The first challenge is the timing between vaccination and blood sampling that are different among the different studies 1 , 3 , 4 , 10 , 20 – 22 . Additionally, serological data expressed in BAU/ml are not always comparable when using different technical platforms 23 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibody response in elderly vaccinated four times with an mRNA anti-COVID-19 vaccine

Rouvinski,

Friedman,

Kirillov

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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The humoral response after the fourth dose of a mRNA vaccine against COVID-19 has not been adequately described in elderly recipients, particularly those not exposed previously to SARS-CoV-2. Serum anti-RBD IgG levels (Abbott SARS-CoV-2 IgG II Quant assay) and neutralizing capacities (spike SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus Wuhan and Omicron BA.1 variant) were measured after the third and fourth doses of a COVID-19 mRNA vaccine among 46 elderly residents (median age 85 years [IQR 81; 89]) of an assisted living facility. Among participants never infected by SARS-CoV-2, the mean serum IgG levels against RBD (2025 BAU/ml), 99 days after the fourth vaccine, was as high as 76 days after the third vaccine (1987 BAU/ml), and significantly higher (p = 0.030) when the latter were corrected for elapsed time. Neutralizing antibody levels against the historical Wuhan strain were significantly higher (Mean 1046 vs 1573; p = 0.002) and broader (against Omicron) (Mean 170 vs 375; p = 0.018), following the fourth vaccine. The six individuals with an Omicron breakthrough infection mounted strong immune responses for anti-RBD and neutralizing antibodies against the Omicron variant indicating that the fourth vaccine dose did not prevent a specific adaptation of the immune response. These findings point out the value of continued vaccine boosting in the elderly population

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“…There are conflicting reports on whether additional vaccinations may boost T-cell responses. For instance, a fourth dose did so in older healthy individuals [ 17 ] as well as in patients with HIV [ 17 ], whereas a plateau was reached after the second dose in another report on healthy individuals [ 18 ]. Our small cohort size precluded definitive conclusions about T-cell kinetics, although we found a significant boost in CD8 + T-cell reactivity after dose 3, with no further increase after doses 4 and 5.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Local and Systemic Immunity During Five Vaccinations Against SARS-CoV-2 in Zanubrutinib-Treated Patients With Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia

Andersson,

Wu,

Wullimann

et al. 2023

J Hematol

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Background Patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) are vulnerable to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and are at risk of inferior response to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccination, especially if treated with the first-generation Bruton’s tyrosine kinase inhibitor (BTKi) ibrutinib. We aimed to evaluate the impact of the third-generation BTKi, zanubrutinib, on systemic and mucosal response to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. Methods Nine patients with CLL with ongoing zanubrutinib therapy were included and donated blood and saliva during SARS-CoV-2 vaccination, before vaccine doses 3 and 5 and 2 - 3 weeks after doses 3, 4, and 5. Ibrutinib-treated control patients (n = 7) and healthy aged-matched controls (n = 7) gave blood 2 - 3 weeks after vaccine dose 5. We quantified reactivity and neutralization capacity of SARS-CoV-2-specific IgG and IgA antibodies (Abs) in both serum and saliva, and reactivity of T cells activated with viral peptides. Results Both zanubrutinib- and ibrutinib-treated patients had significantly, up to 1,000-fold, lower total spike-specific Ab levels after dose 5 compared to healthy controls (P < 0.01). Spike-IgG levels in serum from zanubrutinib-treated patients correlated well to neutralization capacity (r = 0.68; P < 0.0001) and were thus functional. Mucosal immunity (specific IgA in serum and saliva) was practically absent in zanubrutinib-treated patients even after five vaccine doses, whereas healthy controls had significantly higher levels (tested in serum after vaccine dose 5) (P < 0.05). In contrast, T-cell reactivity against SARS-CoV-2 peptides was equally high in zanubrutinib- and ibrutinib-treated patients as in healthy control donors. Conclusions In our small cohort of zanubrutinib-treated CLL patients, we conclude that up to five doses of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination induced no detectable IgA mucosal immunity, which likely will impair the primary barrier defence against the infection. Systemic IgG responses were also impaired, whereas T-cell responses were normal. Further and larger studies are needed to evaluate the impact of these findings on disease protection.

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Cellular and humoral immune response to the fourth Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine dose in individuals aged 60 years and older

Cited by 5 publications

References 34 publications

Factors influencing neutralizing antibody response to the original SARS-CoV-2 virus and the Omicron variant in a high vaccination coverage country, a population-based study

Factors influencing neutralizing antibody response to the original SARS-CoV-2 virus and the Omicron variant in a high vaccination coverage country, a population-based study

Antibody response in elderly vaccinated four times with an mRNA anti-COVID-19 vaccine

Local and Systemic Immunity During Five Vaccinations Against SARS-CoV-2 in Zanubrutinib-Treated Patients With Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia

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