Cellular and Humoral Responses to Influenza in Gabonese Children Living in Rural and Semi‐Urban Areas

Riet, Elly van; Adegnika, Ayôla Akim; Retra, Kim; Vieira, Ricardo P.; Tielens, Aloysius G.M.; Lell, Bertrand; Issifou, Saadou; Hartgers, Franca C.; Rimmelzwaan, Guus F.; Kremsner, Peter G.; Yazdanbakhsh, Maria

doi:10.1086/522010

Cited by 69 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 37 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The presence of helminth infections, frequent in rural areas of those countries, has been associated with weak response to BCG vaccine in tropical countries [56]. Similar observation with influenza vaccine was reported in children living in rural regions of Gabon [57]. Antiviral agents have been used in the treatment of influenza, but only rarely in TSTCs [6 ,17 ,18,55,58].…”

Section: Prophylaxis and Treatment Of Influenza Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 84%

Influenza in the tropics

Moura

2010

Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The seasonality of influenza is very diverse in tropical countries. Recent studies on the subject confirm the year-round activity of these viruses in many countries and the regular occurrence of epidemic outbreaks in others. The use of molecular diagnostic methods has led to prevalence rates comparable to those seen in temperate countries. Phylogenetic analysis of hemagglutinin of influenza isolates allows understanding of the evolution and divergence of avian (H5N1) and human influenza viruses (A/H1N1, A/H3N2, and B) in tropical settings. Influenza viruses resistant to oseltamivir and zanamivir have been detected in tropical countries despite the rare use of these drugs in the treatment of influenza in people living in these areas.

show abstract

Section: Prophylaxis and Treatment Of Influenza Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 84%

Influenza in the tropics

Moura

2010

Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This study (registered at ClinicalTrials.gov under registration number NCT01192802) was designed as a single-center, randomized, controlled, assessor-blinded clinical trial to compare the efficacy and safety of an albendazole single-dose with a two-or three-dose regimen in school-age children residing in an In this region, soil-transmitted helminths (5,16,19), malaria, and schistosomiasis (19,21,(27)(28)(29) are endemic. Approximately 3,000 inhabitants reside in these villages, and houses typically have poor sanitation.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These infections are responsible for significant morbidity, which includes anemia (7,8), stunting (9), and iron and vitamin A deficiencies (10)(11)(12)(13). Additionally, helminth infections have the capacity to reduce the host immune response to vaccines as well as to environmental and parasitic antigens (14)(15)(16). The consequences of such hyporesponsiveness may explain changes in host susceptibility to commonly encountered pathogens, as reported recently (17)(18)(19).…”

mentioning

confidence: 90%

“…Despite this practice, the prevalence of soil-transmitted helminths remains high (5,16,19), raising the question of the efficacy of a single-dose regimen. To assess the effect of treatment duration with albendazole against A. lumbricoides, T. trichiura, and hookworm, we conducted a randomized controlled clinical trial comparing a 1-to a 2-and a 3-day regimen of albendazole to treat schoolchildren infested with at least one of the above-mentioned intestinal helminths.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Randomized, Controlled, Assessor-Blind Clinical Trial To Assess the Efficacy of Single- versus Repeated-Dose Albendazole To Treat Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura, and Hookworm Infection

Adegnika

Zinsou

Issifou

et al. 2014

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In many regions where soil-transmitted helminth infections are endemic, single-dose albendazole is used in mass drug administration programs to control infections. There are little data on the efficacy of the standard single-dose administration compared to that of alternative regimens. We conducted a randomized, controlled, assessor-blinded clinical trial to determine the efficacies of standard and extended albendazole treatment against soil-transmitted helminth infection in Gabon. A total of 175 children were included. Adequate cure rates and egg reduction rates above 85% were found with a single dose of albendazole for Ascaris infection, 85% (95% confidence interval [CI], 73, 96) and 93.8% (CI, 87.6, 100), respectively, while two doses were necessary for hookworm infestation (92% [CI, 78, 100] and 92% [CI, 78, 100], respectively). However, while a 3-day regimen was not sufficient to cure Trichuris (cure rate, 83% [CI, 73, 93]), this regimen reduced the number of eggs up to 90.6% (CI, 83.1, 100). The rate ratios of two-and three-dose regimens compared to a single-dose treatment were 1.7 (CI, 1.1, 2.5) and 2.1 (CI, 1.5, 2.9) for Trichuris and 1.7 (CI, 1.0, 2.9) and 1.7 (CI, 1.0, 2.9) for hookworm. Albendazole was safe and well tolerated in all regimens. A singledose albendazole treatment considerably reduces Ascaris infection but has only a moderate effect on hookworm and Trichuris infections. The single-dose option may still be the preferred regimen because it balances efficacy, safety, and compliance during mass drug administration, keeping in mind that asymptomatic low-level helminth carriage may also have beneficial effects. (This study has been registered at ClinicalTrials.gov under registration number NCT01192802.) S oil-transmitted helminths affect more than two billion people worldwide (1, 2). They are widely endemic in the tropics and are prevalent mostly in preschool and school-age children (3, 4) as well as in pregnant women (5). Infections are related to poor sanitation and hygiene and classified as neglected tropical diseases (6). These infections are responsible for significant morbidity, which includes anemia (7,8), stunting (9), and iron and vitamin A deficiencies (10-13). Additionally, helminth infections have the capacity to reduce the host immune response to vaccines as well as to environmental and parasitic antigens (14-16). The consequences of such hyporesponsiveness may explain changes in host susceptibility to commonly encountered pathogens, as reported recently (17)(18)(19). However, helminths may have beneficial effects as well, such as dampening of excessive inflammatory responses against other pathogens or environmental antigens (14, 20,21). Nevertheless, it is commonly accepted that the risks of helminth infection outweigh the benefits, and several public health interventions are in place to control soil-transmitted helminths.Albendazole is frequently used in mass drug administration (MDA) campaigns as a principal control tool for intestinal helminth infections (2,(22)(23)(24). Howeve...

show abstract

“…However, sporadic reports from the Gambia [6], Senegal [7], Congo [8], Madagascar [8], Kenya [9], Ivory Coast [10], and from Gabon [11], have indicated that influenza is circulating and may be causing epidemics regularly. The study in Gabon recorded extremely high levels of antibodies to influenza A H3N2 virus in schoolchildren [11]. The haemagglutination inhibition (HI) antibodies to this influenza A virus at titers of 1,530 (ranging from 80 to 17,920) indicated that the virus had been circulating within the community in the recent past.…”

Section: How Little We Knowmentioning

confidence: 99%