Cellular and Molecular Markers of Outcome in Septic Shock

Monserrat, Jorge; Pablo, Raúl de; Díaz, David; Sanchez, M Fernandez; Reyes, Eduardo; Prieto, Alfredo; Álvarez-Mon, Melchor

doi:10.5772/29704

Cited by 1 publication

(3 citation statements)

References 95 publications

(101 reference statements)

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“…MAIT cells are already primed to gastrointestinal flora and work in cooperation with the innate response to stave off infections [ 15 ]. Furthermore, T lymphocytes play a critical role in the regulation of antimicrobial phagocytic and cytotoxic activity of the innate immune response cells [ 17 ]. Interferon (IFN)- γ and granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), mainly produced by T lymphocytes, increase this defensive activity but other cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-10 have inhibitory effects [ 17 , 18 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, T lymphocytes play a critical role in the regulation of antimicrobial phagocytic and cytotoxic activity of the innate immune response cells [ 17 ]. Interferon (IFN)- γ and granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), mainly produced by T lymphocytes, increase this defensive activity but other cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-10 have inhibitory effects [ 17 , 18 ]. B lymphocyte response also plays an important role in the defensive host response.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…B cells produce cytokines, present antigens to T lymphocyte, and differentiate into antibody producing cells [ 19 ]. Antibodies bounded to bacteria may increase bacteria opsonization and favor phagocytosis [ 17 ]. However, abnormal bacterial induced activation of T and B cells may be followed by inflammation and endothelial and tissue damage [ 20 , 21 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Role of Circulating Lymphocytes in Patients with Sepsis

Pablo

Monserrat

Prieto

et al. 2014

BioMed Research International

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Sepsis is a systemic inflammatory response syndrome due to infection. The incidence rate is estimated to be up to 19 million cases worldwide per year and the number of cases is rising. Infection triggers a complex and prolonged host response, in which both the innate and adaptive immune response are involved. The disturbance of immune system cells plays a key role in the induction of abnormal levels of immunoregulatory molecules. Furthermore, the involvement of effector immune system cells also impairs the host response to the infective agents and tissue damage. Recently, postmortem studies of patients who died of sepsis have provided important insights into why septic patients die and showed an extensive depletion of CD4 and CD8 lymphocytes and they found that circulating blood cells showed similar findings. Thus, the knowledge of the characterization of circulating lymphocyte abnormalities is relevant for the understanding of the sepsis pathophysiology. In addition, monitoring the immune response in sepsis, including circulating lymphocyte subsets count, appears to be potential biomarker for predicting the clinical outcome of the patient. This paper analyzes the lymphocyte involvement and dysfunction found in patients with sepsis and new opportunities to prevent sepsis and guide therapeutic intervention have been revealed.

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