Cellular and Molecular Players in the Interplay between Adipose Tissue and Breast Cancer

Reggiani, Francesca; Falvo, Paolo

doi:10.3390/ijms22031359

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 176 publications

(218 reference statements)

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“…WAT grafting is widely used for breast reconstruction after tumor excision. However, the safety of this procedure is questionable, because WAT is a rich source of endothelial progenitor cells and, thus, may markedly contribute to the formation and vascularization of new breast cancer lesions [ 23 , 24 , 25 ]. Due to their positive impact on metabolism, fat grafts have additionally emerged over the last decades as an innovative treatment option for obesity-related metabolic pathologies [ 12 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improved Vascularization and Survival of White Compared to Brown Adipose Tissue Grafts in the Dorsal Skinfold Chamber

et al. 2021

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Fat grafting is a frequently applied procedure in plastic surgery for volume reconstruction. Moreover, the transplantation of white adipose tissue (WAT) and brown adipose tissue (BAT) increasingly gains interest in preclinical research for the treatment of obesity-related metabolic defects. Therefore, we herein directly compared the vascularization capacity and survival of WAT and BAT grafts. For this purpose, size-matched grafts isolated from the inguinal WAT pad and the interscapular BAT depot of C57BL/6N donor mice were syngeneically transplanted into the dorsal skinfold chamber of recipient animals. The vascularization and survival of the grafts were analyzed by means of intravital fluorescence microscopy, histology, and immunohistochemistry over an observation period of 14 days. WAT grafts showed an identical microvascular architecture and functional microvessel density as native WAT. In contrast, BAT grafts developed an erratic microvasculature with a significantly lower functional microvessel density when compared to native BAT. Accordingly, they also contained a markedly lower number of CD31-positive microvessels, which was associated with a massive loss of perilipin-positive adipocytes. These findings indicate that in contrast to WAT grafts, BAT grafts exhibit an impaired vascularization capacity and survival, which may be due to their higher metabolic demand. Hence, future studies should focus on the establishment of strategies to improve the engraftment of transplanted BAT.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improved Vascularization and Survival of White Compared to Brown Adipose Tissue Grafts in the Dorsal Skinfold Chamber

et al. 2021

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“…In obesity, the adipose tissue expands and changes the homeostasis of the adipose tissue, resulting in adipose tissue dysfunction with deregulated adipokine, cytokine, and growth factor secretion [ 8 , 17 ]. Oxygen demands exceed the supply, leading to hypoxic conditions, adipocyte cell death, and a shift towards a pro-inflammatory state [ 18 , 19 ]. The immune cell landscape changes with the invasion of the pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages and CD8 + T cells, among others [ 17 , 18 ].…”

Section: Obesity-associated Changes In Breast Tissuementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The EMT process and promotion of breast cancer are further suggested to be stimulated by progenitor cells in white adipose tissue, represented by both endothelial cells and adipose stromal cells [ 169 ]. The role of adipose progenitor cells in obesity has been thoroughly addressed in a review by Reggiani et al [ 19 ]. In a 4T1 mouse mammary cancer model, leptin increased the expression of VEGF, thereby promoting angiogenesis leading to breast cancer progression [ 164 ].…”

Section: Breast Cancer Progression and Local Obesity-associated Biomarkersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Local Biomarkers Involved in the Interplay between Obesity and Breast Cancer

Holm

Rosendahl

Borgquist

2021

Cancers

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Obesity is associated with an increased risk of breast cancer, which is the most common cancer in women worldwide (excluding non-melanoma skin cancer). Furthermore, breast cancer patients with obesity have an impaired prognosis. Adipose tissue is abundant in the breast. Therefore, breast cancer develops in an adipose-rich environment. During obesity, changes in the local environment in the breast occur which are associated with breast cancer. A shift towards a pro-inflammatory state is seen, resulting in altered levels of cytokines and immune cells. Levels of adipokines, such as leptin, adiponectin, and resistin, are changed. Aromatase activity rises, resulting in higher levels of potent estrogen in the breast. Lastly, remodeling of the extracellular matrix takes place. In this review, we address the current knowledge on the changes in the breast adipose tissue in obesity associated with breast cancer initiation and progression. We aim to identify obesity-associated biomarkers in the breast involved in the interplay between obesity and breast cancer. Hereby, we can improve identification of women with obesity with an increased risk of breast cancer and an impaired prognosis. Studies investigating mammary adipocytes and breast adipose tissue in women with obesity versus women without obesity are, however, sparse and further research is needed.

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“…In this culture method, cells are organized in three-dimensional structures, mimicking cell-to-cell interactions and tissue-specific stiffness, oxygen, and nutrient consumptions [24]. However, in several tumor types also, the microenvironment plays a crucial role; several immune and matrix cells may have pro/anticancer functions [25][26][27][28][29].…”

Section: In Vitro Models To Study Tumor Resistancementioning

confidence: 99%

New Insight to Overcome Tumor Resistance: An Overview from Cellular to Clinical Therapies

Mitola

Falvo

2021

Life

Self Cite

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Disease relapse caused by drug resistance still represents a major clinical hurdle in cancer treatments. Tumor cells may take advantage of different intracellular and genetic systems attenuating the drug effects. Resistant cells or minimal residual disease (MRD) cells have strong clinical relevance, as they might give rise to secondary tumors when the therapy is concluded. Thus, MRDs are crucial therapeutic targets in order to prevent tumor relapse. Therefore, several groups aim at understanding how MRDs are orginated, characterizing their molecular features, and eradicating them. In this review, we will describe MRD from a genetic, evolutionary, and molecular point of view. Moreover, we will focus on the new in vitro, in vivo, preclinical, and clinical studies that aim at eradicating tumor resistance.

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Cellular and Molecular Players in the Interplay between Adipose Tissue and Breast Cancer

Cited by 6 publications

References 176 publications

Improved Vascularization and Survival of White Compared to Brown Adipose Tissue Grafts in the Dorsal Skinfold Chamber

Improved Vascularization and Survival of White Compared to Brown Adipose Tissue Grafts in the Dorsal Skinfold Chamber

Local Biomarkers Involved in the Interplay between Obesity and Breast Cancer

New Insight to Overcome Tumor Resistance: An Overview from Cellular to Clinical Therapies

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