Cellular automaton modelling to predict multi-phase solidification microstructures for Fe-C peritectic alloys

Abstract

In this study, we developed a cellular automaton (CA) model to simulate the multiphase microstructural evolution of the solidification of Fe-C binary peritectic alloys. Three phases were considered in the model: δ, γ, and liquid (L). To simulate microstructures formed by the peritectic transformation, moving interfaces at δ-γ, δ-L, and γ-L transformations were introduced for diffusion-controlled growth. The coarsening growth of γ grains after solidification of peritectic alloys was modelled using the CA method. Numerical simulations of multi-phase microstructure evolution for hyper-peritectic and hypo-peritectic alloys were performed in two and three dimensions. In these simulations, the nuclei of γ phases were formed at the δ/L interface below the peritectic temperature. After nucleation of the γ phase in hyper-peritectic alloys, the δ phase in the calculation domain disappeared before γ solidification was completed. Conversely, in hypo-peritectic alloys, the L phase disappeared before the δ-γ transformation was complete. Moreover, the coarsening of γ grains occurred for both alloys after the end of the peritectic transformation. These outcomes agree with the fact that the phase transformation of alloys involves the solidification of peritectic alloys. Thus, we confirmed that the proposed model was a valid approach to simulating multi-phase microstructures formed by the solidification of peritectic alloys.

Phase field simulation on grain growth with particles located on grain boundaries

“…Thus, mesoscale numerical simulation is the effective method to investigate the effects of particles on grain growth. There are several numerical models using phase field (PF) [14][15][16], Monte Carlo (MC) [17][18][19][20] and cellular automaton (CA) [21][22][23] methods have proposed to simulate ideal grain growth. Among these methods, the PF method for the study of grain growth has been gaining more attention due to several advantages and plays an important role in material structure simulations.…”

The Growth Behavior for Intermetallic Compounds at the Interface of Aluminum-Steel Weld Joint

“…Zhang et al [ 23 ] used the MC method to simulate the phase transform between α grain and β grain. Ogawa et al [ 24 ] developed a CA model to describe the coarsening growth of γ grains. Yang et al [ 25 ] established the multiple-physical CA to simulate the grain morphology and grain size in the electron beam welding process.…”

Simulation of the Peritectic Phase Transition in Fe-C Alloys

“…Cellular automaton (CA) models are capable of simulating lots of experimentally observed solidification microstructures [18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26]. The CA method has also been applied to simulate peritectic microstructures [27][28][29][30]. Su et al [27] and Yamazaki et al [28] simulated the microstructural evolution of a C-Mn steel and Fe-C alloy during peritectic solidification.…”

“…The fraction of the γ-phase during peritectic transformation was calculated by the Scheil model [27] and lever rule [28] in accordance with the temperature, respectively. Ogawa and Natsume [29] performed the CA simulations regarding the microstructural evolution of hypo-and hyper-peritectic Fe-C alloys at a cooling rate of 10 K/s. We recently proposed a quantitative multi-phase CA model that can simulate the microstructural evolution during peritectic transformation [30].…”