Cellular biochemistry of glucose 6‐phosphate and 6‐phosphogluconate dehydrogenase activities

Chayen, J.; Howat, D. D. C.; Bitensky, Lucille

doi:10.1002/cbf.290040404

Cited by 11 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Reduced GSH in conjunction with reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate protects the cell by destroying hydrogen peroxide and hydroxyl free radicals. Regeneration of GSH from its oxidized form GSH disulfide requires the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate produced in the glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase reaction [20] . SOD breaks up superoxide into water and hydrogen peroxide.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nauclea latifolia aqueous leaf extract eliminates hepatic and cerebral Plasmodium berghei parasite in experimental mice

Onyesom

Osioma²,

Okereke

2015

Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine

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A B S T R A C TObjective: To assess the effects of hot water leaf extract of Nauclea latifolia (N. latifolia) on antioxidant status, lipid peroxidation values and parasite levels in hepatic and brain tissue of experimental mice (BALB/c) infected with Plasmodium berghei (P. berghei) malaria. Methods: Forty nine mice were divided into seven groups (n = 7) and used for the study. Group A (control) were given 0.2 mL/kg phosphate buffer saline; Group B mice were infected with P. berghei and treated with phosphate buffer saline. Groups C and D mice were also infected but treated with 200 and 300 mg/kg body weight of leaf extract respectively. Groups E and F mice were not infected, but received 200 and 300 mg/kg of leaf extract respectively. Group G mice were infected and treated with chloroquine (5 mg/ kg). Liver and brain tissues of mice were prepared for both biochemical assay and microscopic examination. Results: Results showed that P. berghei malaria infection induced oxidative stress in both liver and brain tissues as evidenced by the significant (P < 0.05) decrease in antioxidants: superoxide dismutase, reduced glutathione and catalase. These reductions perhaps caused compromise in membrane integrity as indicated by the significant increase in lipid peroxidation product malondialdhyde. Malaria parasites were also identified in these tissues. However, N. latifolia treatment eliminated the parasites in tissues and protected them from oxidative damage even better than chloroquine treatment did, whose anti-malarial potency also cleared tissue parasites. The measurement of protection by N. latifolia against damage was strengthened by the insignificant micro structural alterations. Conclusions: The bioactive phytochemical(s) in N. latifolia should be structured and the mechanism(s) of its antimalarial tendency should be further investigated.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nauclea latifolia aqueous leaf extract eliminates hepatic and cerebral Plasmodium berghei parasite in experimental mice

Onyesom

Osioma²,

Okereke

2015

Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine

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“…is the first key regulatory enzyme of glycolytic pathway [12] . The product of catalysis, glucose-6-phosphate (G6P), also serves as a precursor for pentose phosphate pathway, which yields NADPH and pentose sugars [13] , [14] . NADPH maintains the redox potential, and pentose sugars are used in the biosynthesis of nucleic acids [15] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sequence Analysis and Molecular Characterization of Clonorchis sinensis Hexokinase, an Unusual Trimeric 50-kDa Glucose-6-Phosphate-Sensitive Allosteric Enzyme

et al. 2014

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Clonorchiasis, which is induced by the infection of Clonorchis sinensis (C. sinensis), is highly associated with cholangiocarcinoma. Because the available examination, treatment and interrupting transmission provide limited opportunities to prevent infection, it is urgent to develop integrated strategies to prevent and control clonorchiasis. Glycolytic enzymes are crucial molecules for trematode survival and have been targeted for drug development. Hexokinase of C. sinensis (CsHK), the first key regulatory enzyme of the glycolytic pathway, was characterized in this study. The calculated molecular mass (Mr) of CsHK was 50.0 kDa. The obtained recombinant CsHK (rCsHK) was a homotrimer with an Mr of approximately 164 kDa, as determined using native PAGE and gel filtration. The highest activity was obtained with 50 mM glycine-NaOH at pH 10 and 100 mM Tris-HCl at pH 8.5 and 10. The kinetics of rCsHK has a moderate thermal stability. Compared to that of the corresponding negative control, the enzymatic activity was significantly inhibited by praziquantel (PZQ) and anti-rCsHK serum. rCsHK was homotropically and allosterically activated by its substrates, including glucose, mannose, fructose, and ATP. ADP exhibited mixed allosteric effect on rCsHK with respect to ATP, while inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi) displayed net allosteric activation with various allosteric systems. Fructose behaved as a dose-dependent V activator with the substrate glucose. Glucose-6-phosphate (G6P) displayed net allosteric inhibition on rCsHK with respect to ATP or glucose with various allosteric systems in a dose-independent manner. There were differences in both mRNA and protein levels of CsHK among the life stages of adult worm, metacercaria, excysted metacercaria and egg of C. sinensis, suggesting different energy requirements during different development stages. Our study furthers the understanding of the biological functions of CsHK and supports the need to screen for small molecule inhibitors of CsHK to interfere with glycolysis in C. sinensis.

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“…In the nucleus, Nrf2 bound to the antioxidant response element (ARE) in the upstream promoter region of antioxidant genes and initiated their transcription, playing a vital role in response to oxidative stress, cytoprotection, being a recognized guardian of health span and a gatekeeper of species longevity [57]. The presence of the MIX in stress conditions showed beneficial effects on the "vigilance" of the Nrf2 signalling pathway resulting from activated antioxidant mechanisms (observed significant upregulation of five key proteins: the upregulation of phosphogluconate dehydrogenase [58], a key enzyme that produces NADPH, (PDG, fold change +1.48 vs. Ctrl), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase [59] (G2PD; +1.39), malic enzyme 1 [60] (ME1; +1.39), transketolase [61] (TKT; +1.39), which connects the pentose-phosphate pathway to glycolysis and transaldolase 1 [62] (TALDO1; +1.39), an important enzyme for the balance of metabolites in the pentose-phosphate pathway. To note, transaldolase deficiency is associated with cutis laxa/wrinkled skin.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adaptogen Technology for Skin Resilience Benefits

Cavagnino,

Breton,

Ruaux

et al. 2023

Cosmetics

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(1) Background: Skin undergoes constant changes, providing capabilities to repair and renovate its constituents once damaged and a fundamental shield to contrast environmental stress. Nevertheless, environmental stressors may overcome the skin’s protective potential inducing premature aging and accelerating the appearance of anaesthetic age-related skin aspects. Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) and pollutants (particulate matters, PAHs) contribute to skin aging and functional decline inducing harmful oxidative modifications of macromolecules and stress-related skin disorders. Innovative approaches to preserve skin are needed. (2) Methods: Skin keratinocytes were treated (or not) with a combination of ingredients (Lactobacillus plantarum extract, Withania somnifera root extract and Terminalia ferdinandiana fruit extract; “MIX”) in the presence or absence of stress (oxidative stress or pollution). The effects of the MIX adaptogen technology on (a) cellular resilience, (b) the regulation of cellular functions and (c) regeneration of skin were disclosed through expression proteomics and bioinformatics analyses first, and then through focused evaluations of protein carbonylation as a hallmark of oxidative stress’ deleterious impact and mitochondrial activity. (3) Results: The deleterious impact of stressors was evidenced, as well as the beneficial effects of the MIX through (a) mitochondrial activity preservation, (b) the “vigilance” of the NRF2 pathway activation, (c) NADPH production and protein homeostasis improvements, (d) preserving skin regeneration function and I the contrasting stress-induced oxidation (carbonylation) of mitochondrial and nuclear proteins. (4) Conclusions: The effects of the MIX on increasing cell adaptability and resilience under stress suggested a beneficial contribution in precision cosmetics and healthy human skin by acting as an adaptogen, an innovative approach that may be employed to improve resistance to harmful stress with a potential favourable impact on skin homeostasis.

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Cellular biochemistry of glucose 6‐phosphate and 6‐phosphogluconate dehydrogenase activities

Cited by 11 publications

References 28 publications

Nauclea latifolia aqueous leaf extract eliminates hepatic and cerebral Plasmodium berghei parasite in experimental mice

Nauclea latifolia aqueous leaf extract eliminates hepatic and cerebral Plasmodium berghei parasite in experimental mice

Sequence Analysis and Molecular Characterization of Clonorchis sinensis Hexokinase, an Unusual Trimeric 50-kDa Glucose-6-Phosphate-Sensitive Allosteric Enzyme

Adaptogen Technology for Skin Resilience Benefits

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