Cellular biopolymers and molecular structure of a secondary pulp and paper mill sludge verified by spectroscopy and chemical extraction techniques

Edalatmanesh, Maryam; Sain, Mohini; Liss, Steven N.

doi:10.2166/wst.2010.068

Cited by 14 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…This heavy water consumption results in high generation of wastewater [4]; in general terms, a typical paper mill generates an effluent volume ranging between 1.5 and 60 m 3 per each tonne of paper produced [6][7][8][9]. As a consequence of the treatment of these effluents, a large amount of sludge is produced, with values between 40 and 50 kg of dry sludge per each tonne of paper produced [4,10,11], 70% of which is primary sludge, and 30% biological sludge [12]. Primary sludge usually originates from sedimentation and coagulation-flocculation procedures, while secondary sludge originates from biological treatment [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Proposal of Sustainability Indicators for the Waste Management from the Paper Industry within the Circular Economy Model

Molina-Sánchez

Leyva‐Díaz

Cortés‐García

et al. 2018

Water

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The optimization of water management in industrial processes is paramount in diminishing or mitigating, as far as possible, the negative externalities generated by its current use within the linear economy model. This research presents methods for the optimization of wastewater from paper mills which are associated with the new sustainability and circular economy model. In this way, the concept of circular economy was applied to the wastewater treatment from a paper mill, with the objective of recovering the resources contained in this type of effluent. The wastewater treatment plant is based on a biological reactor of activated sludge, and treats a flow of 4868 m3·day−1. This study proposes the development and evaluation of indicators of circular economy applied to wastewater from a paper mill, as well as the assessment of the removal performance of color, total suspended solids (TSS), biochemical oxygen demand on the fifth day (BOD5), and chemical oxygen demand (COD), which are higher than 96% in all cases. Per 1 m3 of wastewater from a paper mill, a volume of 0.9 m3 of potentially reusable water and a recovered sludge mass of 0.7 kg are generated; the latter is reused as a mineral filler during the process itself. In light of this, a multivariable statistical analysis was applied to determine the relationship of the operation variables and indicators of circular economy. In this way, wastewater from the paper mill can be regarded as a technological nutrient, which is partially reintroduced into the production process, enabling the recovery of the water and mineral fillers that it contains.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Proposal of Sustainability Indicators for the Waste Management from the Paper Industry within the Circular Economy Model

Molina-Sánchez

Leyva‐Díaz

Cortés‐García

et al. 2018

Water

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“…A large amount of solid wastes is also simultaneously generated, and these include the causticizing wastes (in the form of lime sludge), ash from boilers, sludge from wastewater treatment processes, and unused raw materials (such as bamboo dust) (Amini et al 2012). On an average, a typical paper mill produces 45 kg of waste sludge per ton of paper produced (Edalatmanesh et al 2010) and effluent generation ranges from 1.5 to 60 m 3 (Thompson et al 2001;Szolosi 2003), based on technology and nature of raw materials. Indiscriminate and unplanned waste disposal has been an unwelcome common practice with the pulp and paper mills, particularly in the developing and the underdeveloped countries, which is a matter of concern (Whitehead and Geary 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of pulp and paper mill effluents and solid wastes on soil mineralogical and physicochemical properties

Adhikari¹,

Bhattacharyya

2015

Environ Monit Assess

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The present study was carried out to evaluate the impact of the effluents and the solid wastes generated by a giant pulp and paper mill in the northeastern part of India on soil mineralogy of the area. The impacts were monitored by analysis of soil samples from seven sites located in the potential impact zone and a control site where any kind of effluent discharge or solid waste dumping was absent. The soil belonged to medium texture type (sandy clay loam, sandy loam, loamy sand, and silt loam), and the soil aggregate analysis indicated higher levels of organic carbon, pH, electrical conductivity, effective cation exchange capacity, and mean weight diameter at sites receiving effluents and solid wastes from the pulp and paper mill. Depletion in soil silica level and in feldspar and quartz contents and rise in iron and calcium contents at the sites receiving effluents from the pulp and paper mill indicated significant influence on soil mineralogy. The soil contained a mixture of minerals consisting of tectosilicates (with silicate frameworks as in quartz or feldspar), phylosilicates (layered clays like kaolinite, smectite, chlorite, illite, etc.), and carbonates. Absence of pure clay minerals indicated a state of heterogeneous intermediate soil clay transformation. The significance of the mixed mineralogy in relation to the disposal of effluents and dumping of solid wastes is discussed in details.

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“…Further reviewed of existing literature was focused on these biomass components. (Edalatmanesh et al, 2010;Huang et al, 2010;Jimenez et al, 2013;Sluiter et al, 2010;Sun et al, 2004b). Hydrophobic extractives in sludge originated from a mixture of hydrophobic materials presence in the wastewater, phospholipids and cholesterols in cell membranes, metabolites of microorganisms, and by-products from cell lysis (Siddiquee and Rohani, 2011).…”

Section: Categorisation and Quantificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mid-infrared region (MIR) from 4000 cm -1 to 600 cm -1 was applied (Ena Smidt et al, 2011;Smith, 1998). Spectra were analyzed according to absorbance bands identified and recorded in library databases and previous publications (Edalatmanesh et al, 2010;Reveille et al, 2003;Sluiter et al, 2010;Ena Smidt et al, 2011;E. Smidt and Meissl, 2007;Smith, 1998).…”

Section: Functional Group Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This information was more crucial for pyrolysis and gasification system as characteristics of products from advanced thermochemical conversion processes were important for subsequent utilization of pyrolysis oil, char, and syngas (Zhuo et al, 2000). databases (Edalatmanesh et al, 2010;Reveille et al, 2003;Sluiter et al, 2010;E. Smidt and Meissl, 2007).…”

Section: Functional Groups Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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A comprehensive analytical study of sludge from water reclamation plants in Singapore for advanced thermochemical conversion processes

Chan¹

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Rising demand on wastewater treatment caused by population growth, urbanisation and industrialisation was producing increasing amount of sludge residues as byproduct. Innovative management strategy and technology for energy and resource recovery were therefore required to properly handle sludge which consisted significant amount of moisture, ash, nitrogen, sulphur, and heavy metals. Mechanical dewatering, thermal drying, agricultural utilisation, landfilling, and incineration were commonly applied for sludge treatment and final disposal but facing issues on low dewatering effectiveness, high energy consumptions, restrictions on agricultural reuse, limitation on landfill availability, low energy recovery efficiency and generation of flue gas with considerable amount of pollutants. Recently, sludge attracted great interests as a potential feedstock for advanced thermochemical conversion processes such as pyrolysis and gasification which were capable to convert cheap heterogeneous waste mixtures into valuable homogenous products such as synthetic gas, pyrolysis oil and char. However, composition and thermal degradation behaviours of sludge were found to be highly complex and distinctive as compared to other traditional feedstock and therefore created significant challenges in engineering design and system optimisation. To address the need of fundamental research on sludge, a comprehensive analytical study specifically for advanced thermochemical conversion processes was performed. 14 different sludge samples were collected based on type, plant, and batch categorisation from all operating Water Reclamation Plants (WRPs) in Singapore. Existing and proposed characterisation methods were applied and examined by using samples collected. Although no general consensus was achieved on the most efficient conversion method, thermally induced degradations occurred in all thermochemical processes and were considered as primary reactions important to reactor design and process modelling. Therefore comparison study on sludge thermal degradation behaviours and products evolution by using complementary analytical and experimental pyrolysis was carried out. Synthetic sludge study was also performed based on biomass composition analytical procedure and model compounds selection method developed in this study to address issues of viii uncertainty in kinetics modelling caused by heterogeneity of sludge and limited understanding on impacts of sludge composition to thermochemical processes. Qualitative similarities and quantitative variations on thermochemical characteristics and composition of different sludge samples were identified which suggested the presence of waste mixtures with comparable main components but in varying proportions. Oxidation of inorganics (apparent oxidation degree, O D = 47.07 ±19.59%) during ash formation caused deviations on characterisation results of sludge which could be reduced by alternative parameters and comparison bases proposed. Thermal degradation behaviours and products distribution found to be vari...

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Cellular biopolymers and molecular structure of a secondary pulp and paper mill sludge verified by spectroscopy and chemical extraction techniques

Cited by 14 publications

References 0 publications

Proposal of Sustainability Indicators for the Waste Management from the Paper Industry within the Circular Economy Model

Proposal of Sustainability Indicators for the Waste Management from the Paper Industry within the Circular Economy Model

Impact of pulp and paper mill effluents and solid wastes on soil mineralogical and physicochemical properties

A comprehensive analytical study of sludge from water reclamation plants in Singapore for advanced thermochemical conversion processes

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