Cellular Cloud Patterns revealed by Tiros I

Krueger, Arthur F.; Fritz, Sigmund

doi:10.1111/j.2153-3490.1961.tb00061.x

Cited by 41 publications

(25 citation statements)

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“…3, the size of cloud element was fairly large and its height reached 5 km. Therefore, this cloud distribution is the same in size as those of Benard's cell type cloud distributions in satellite pictures which were reported by Krueger andFritz (1961), Hubert (1966) and Hardy (1968). However because our ring-shaped cloud distribution was isolated near the periphery of the convergence zone, it is considered that it was produced in the same mechanism as the several ring-shaped low-level cumulus cloud distribution.…”

Section: The Ring-shaped Clouds Over the Gulf Of Siamsupporting

confidence: 83%

“…These cloud patterns of ring-shape perhaps show a sort of convective cells with descending motion in the center and ascending Recently many ring-shaped cloud distributions were observed in satellite pictures. Krueger and Fritz (1961) reported that ring-shaped cellular patterns observed by a meteorological satellite had sizes of 30 to 50 miles in the diameter, and the patterns were formed below an inversion layer at a height of about 5000 ft (about 1.5 km). The size of the rings and the condition of the inversion were very similar to those of the present case.…”

Section: The Ring-shaped Clouds Over the Gulf Of Siammentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cloud Distributions near the Periphery of a Convergence Zone in the Tropical Region

Magono

Chiyu

1969

Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan

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Cloud observationswere made over the Gulf of Siam, using a passenger flight airplane.Several ring-shaped cloud distributions were observed near the periphery of a convergence zone, and it was considered that they were not look like the usual Benard's cell type motion, but were produced by a several downward air motion near the periphery of the convergence zone.A Cb cloud and a characteristic towering cumulus cloud with cloud bands of starfish-like form were observed.An effective sucking area with about 60 km diameter for the Cb or the towering cloud was estimated from the cloud band distribution.

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Section: The Ring-shaped Clouds Over the Gulf Of Siamsupporting

confidence: 83%

Section: The Ring-shaped Clouds Over the Gulf Of Siammentioning

confidence: 99%

Cloud Distributions near the Periphery of a Convergence Zone in the Tropical Region

Magono

Chiyu

1969

Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan

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“…The dimensionless number, a, defined to represent the ratio as a=kd where d is the depth of layer and k is the horizontal wave number, ranges from 2.22 to 3.12 for a Benard cell as shown by the laboratory experiments and the theories, but it is of the order of 10-1 or 10-2 for the atmospheric cellular convection, (Krueger and Fritz, 1961).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influences of Thermal Boundary Layer on Atmospheric Cellular Convection

Sasaki

1970

Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan

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A theory is developed which appears to explain the flatness of the convection cells that has been observed from satellites. Rayleigh's thermal convection theory, which describes the transition from conduction to convection of a horizontal layer of fluid heated from below, is studied in conjunction with the thermal boundary condition which is more applicable to the atmosphere than the boundary condition of constant temperature.The thermal boundary condition is expressed by a linear combination of the vertical temperature gradient and the temperature itself. For hydrodynamical boundary condition, two cases are studied, one is "slip" and the other is "non -slip" . The eigenvalues of the governing differential equation are obtained numerically at the marginal state.The results show that the eigenvalues are largely influenced by a nondimensional number * which is the ratio of the vertical temperature gradient term to the temperature term at the boundaries.The critical Rayleigh number Ray decreases as the ratio decreases and R*y approaches a value of approximately 120 as * approaches zero. Dependency of the eigenvalues upon * is large for the lowest eigenvalue, but * exerts small effect on the other eigenvalues. A non-dimensional number a, defined by kd where d is the depth of convection layer and k is the horizontal wave number, decreases also as * decreases. Since a represents a ratio of the vertical to horizontal dimensions of a cell, the result indicates that the flat convection cells common in the atmosphere are developed when * is small at the boundaries. Furthermore, the Rayleigh number becomes nearly uniform at its lowest value over a wide range of a, showing that cellular convection can set in with a rather broad variety of cell dimensions. The dynamical boundary conditions, slip or non-slip, however, are found to exert only small influences upon a as compared with the thermal boundary condition.

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“…1, which show that these POCs are coherent, long lived (the images span 16.5 h), and embedded in regions of relatively small values of AT . The longevity and coherence of POCs has attracted the attention of satellite meteorologists, with observational examples of POC-like features dating to the beginning of the satellite record (e.g., Krueger and Fritz 1961;Davies and Garay 2003;Garay et al 2004). Low values of A TB can be accounted for by a reduction in the cloud optical depth from values of 15 to unity (which is not consistent with the earlymorning visible imagery), or by changes in the effective radius from 6 to 12 /nm for a cloud with a fixed optical depth of 15 (e.g., Fig.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%