Cellular Components, Including Stem-Like Cells, of Preterm Mother's Mature Milk as Compared with Those in Her Colostrum: A Pilot Study

Kaingade, Pankaj; Somasundaram, Indumathi; Sharma, Akshita; Patel, Darshan H.; Dhanasekaran, M.

doi:10.1089/bfm.2017.0063

Cited by 20 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…It has been suggested that the number of stem cells in human milk may be affected by the maturation of mammary glands at different stages of lactation, and the changes in stem cell populations at different stages of lactation may be consistent with the needs of infants at different stages of growth and development. Kaingade et al (2017) showed that the percentage of mesenchymal stem cells (CD44+, CD90+, and CD105+ cells) was higher in mature milk than in colostrum, but changes in these cells at different stages of lactation were not found in the present study. This disparity may be due to the differences in subjects and methods between the two studies.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 88%

“…Major temporal changes in human milk composition occur throughout lactation, with large differences being observed in the colostrum, transitional milk, and mature milk. Recently, researchers investigated the differences in cellular components, including stem cells, between colostrum and mature milk in preterm human milk (Kaingade, Somasundaram, Sharma, Patel, & Marappagounder, 2017). However, the study data were limited and were based on a small population, and the proportions of stem cells in preterm and term human milk throughout the stages of lactation were not compared.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterization of Stem Cells and Immune Cells in Preterm and Term Mother’s Milk

Zhang

Zhou

et al. 2019

J Hum Lact

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Background: Human milk is known to be rich in cellular components, including stem cells and immune cells. However, the dynamics of these cellular components at different lactation stages, and the differences between milk for preterm and term infants, are poorly understood. Research aim: To identify changes in the cellular components of human milk at different lactation stages, and to explore the associations of these changes with maternal and infant characteristics. Methods: Forty mothers of newborns of different gestational ages were enrolled. Colostrum, transitional, and mature milk samples were collected. Stem cell and immune cell molecule markers were detected using flow cytometry. Pluripotent genes (SOX2, NANOG, OCT4, and KLF4) were detected via quantitative real-time PCR. Results: Human milk contained some stem cells but more immune cells. The percentages of hemopoietic stem cells were significantly higher in mature milk than in colostrum, and the percentages of total immune cells were lower in mature milk than in colostrum. The percentages of hemopoietic stem cells in colostrum and transitional milk were influenced by gestational age. Some minor differences in the cell composition of human milk could be explained by maternal body mass index, the mode of delivery, and parity. Conclusion: Our results again confirmed that human milk contains stem cells. Additionally, the percentages of hemopoietic stem cells and major immune cells changed dynamically at different lactation stages and were associated with gestational age at delivery.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 88%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Stem Cells and Immune Cells in Preterm and Term Mother’s Milk

Zhang

Zhou

et al. 2019

J Hum Lact

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“…The authors found that preterm mature milk has higher expressions of hematopoietic stem cells, mesenchymal stem-like cells, immune cells, some cell adhesion molecules and side-population cells than colostrum. Even if more studies are needed to support this pilot finding, a higher cell content in mature milk of preterm babies seems important in future health and growth outcomes [78]. Breast milk stem cells could therefore contribute to the modulation of numerous health outcomes associated with breastfeeding and offer potential innovative therapeutic approaches.…”

Section: Stem Cellsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Human Milk, More Than Simple Nourishment

et al. 2021

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Human breast milk not only has nutritional properties but also holds a functional role. It contains various bioactive factors (lactoferrin, lysozyme, leukocytes, immunoglobulins, cytokines, hormones, human milk oligosaccharides, microbiome, microRNAs and stem cells) shown to contribute to several short- and long-term health outcomes. Some of these factors appear to be involved in the infant’s neuro-cognitive development, anti-oncogenic processes, cellular communication and differentiation. Furthermore, breast milk is increasingly recognized to have dynamic characteristics and to play a fundamental role in the cross-talking mother-neonate. This narrative review aims to provide a summary and an update on these bioactive substances, exploring their functions mainly on immunomodulation, microbiome and virome development. Although the knowledge about breast milk potentiality has significantly improved, leading to discovering unexpected functions, the exact mechanisms with which breast milk exercises its bioactivity have not been completely clarified. This can represent a fertile ground for exploring and understanding the complexity behind these functional elements to develop new therapeutic strategies.

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“…Immunologically, human milk is usually suited to the gestational age at which a baby is born ( Espinosa-Martos et al, 2013 ; Kaingade et al, 2017 ). Colostrum and transient milk from mothers of very preterm infants seems to contain higher amounts of key immune compounds than those from mothers of term infants ( Montagne et al, 1999 ; Araujo et al, 2005 ; Koenig et al, 2005 ; Castellote et al, 2011 ; Espinosa-Martos et al, 2013 ; Moles et al, 2015b ), indicating that the degree of immunoprotection provided through breastfeeding is highly correlated with the immaturity degree of the neonate.…”

Section: Increasing Of the Use Of Omm In Nicus: Benefits And Challengmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strategies for the Preservation, Restoration and Modulation of the Human Milk Microbiota. Implications for Human Milk Banks and Neonatal Intensive Care Units

et al. 2018

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Studies carried in the last years have revealed that human milk contains a site-specific microbiota and constitutes a source of potentially beneficial bacteria to the infant gut. Once in the infant gut, these bacteria contribute to the assembly of a physiological gut microbiota and may play several functions, contributing to infant metabolism, protection against infections, immunomodulation or neuromodulation. Many preterm neonates are fed with pasteurized donor’s human milk (DHM) or formula and, therefore, are devoid of contact with human milk microbes. As a consequence, new strategies are required to allow the exposition of a higher number of preterm infants to the human milk microbiota early in life. The first strategy would be to promote and to increase the use of own mother’s milk (OMM) in Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICUs). Even small quantities of OMM can be very valuable since they would be added to DHM in order to microbiologically “customize” it. When OMM is not available, a better screening of donor women, including routine cytomegalovirus (CMV) screening of milk, may help to avoid the pasteurization of the milk provided by, at least, a relevant proportion of donors. Finally, when pasteurized DHM or formula are the only feeding option, their supplementation with probiotic bacteria isolated from human milk, such as lactic acid bacteria or bifidobacteria, may be an alternative to try to restore a human milk-like microbiota before feeding the babies. In the future, the design of human milk bacterial consortia (minimal human milk microbiotas), including well characterized strains representative of a healthy human milk microbiota, may be an attractive strategy to provide a complex mix of strains specifically tailored to this target population.

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Cellular Components, Including Stem-Like Cells, of Preterm Mother's Mature Milk as Compared with Those in Her Colostrum: A Pilot Study

Cited by 20 publications

References 13 publications

Characterization of Stem Cells and Immune Cells in Preterm and Term Mother’s Milk

Characterization of Stem Cells and Immune Cells in Preterm and Term Mother’s Milk

Human Milk, More Than Simple Nourishment

Strategies for the Preservation, Restoration and Modulation of the Human Milk Microbiota. Implications for Human Milk Banks and Neonatal Intensive Care Units

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