Cellular composition and interferon-γ expression of the local inflammatory response in feline infectious peritonitis (FIP)

Berg, Anna‐Lena; Ekman, K.; Belák, Sándór; Berg, Mikael

doi:10.1016/j.vetmic.2005.07.017

Cited by 32 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Although the reason(s) for the predominance of FIP-associated renal lesions is unclear, several factors can be considered as contributory towards the development of these alterations. The kidney is the organ that is more frequently affected in FIP (BERG et al, 2005;ADDIE et al, 2009;PEDERSEN, 2009;MELI, 2014), and retrospective studies have shown that a large percentage of cats have FIP-associated renal disease (OLIVEIRA et al, 2003;NORRIS et al, 2005); these findings are in accordance with the results of our investigation. The kidney has a single circulatory system, receives 20% of the cardiac output, is composed of two distinct capillary beds (glomerular and peritubular capillary network), with a complex array of afferent arterioles, resulting in a blood flow that is approximately 40 times more elevated than the other organs (BLANTZ; GABBAI, 2005).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Epidemiological data and a score-based study of renal, hepatic and cerebral lesions in feline infectious peritonitis

Oliveira

Santis

Headley

2017

SCA

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The study describes the epidemiological and pathological findings observed in a population of cats with feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) and estimated the degree of tissue destruction in the kidney, brain, and liver. A retrospective study was performed to determine the number of cats with a histopathological diagnosis of FIP between 2005-2016, at the Laboratory of Animal Pathology, Universidade Estadual de Londrina. The histopathological alterations in selected organs (brain, liver and kidneys) associated with FIP were described and then compared with a scoring system to estimate the degree of tissue destruction. FIP was diagnosed in 3.7% (19/520) of all cats necropsied during the 11-year period; sexual and breed predominance were not identified. Cats that were less than one-year-old were more frequently diagnosed with FIP. Pyogranulomatous nephritis with vasculitis (94.7%; 18/19), coagulative renal necrosis (84.2%; 16/19), hepatocellular necrosis (57.9; 11/19), and necrotizing leptomeningitis (47.4%; 9/19) were the most frequent lesions observed. Moreover, FIP-associated renal lesions were more severe and frequently observed when compared with those in the brain and liver. It is proposed that necrosis be considered as an important lesion associated with FIP that should be included in the histopathological diagnosis of this disease. Key words: Coagulative necrosis. Feline. Histopathology. Lesional score. Pyogranulomas. Vasculitis. ResumoEste estudo descreve os achados epidemiológicos e patológicos observados em uma população de gatos com peritonite infecciosa felina (PIF) e mensurou o grau de lesão tecidual no rim, cérebro e fígado. Realizou-se um estudo retrospectivo para determinar o número de gatos com diagnóstico histopatológico de PIF entre 2005-2016, no Laboratório de Patologia Animal, na Universidade Estadual de Londrina. As alterações histopatológicas associadas à PIF em órgãos selecionados (cérebro, fígado e rins) foram descritas e comparadas com um sistema de pontuação para estimar o grau de lesão tecidual. A PIF foi diagnosticada em 3,7% (19/520) de todos os gatos necropsiados durante o período de 11 anos. Não houve diferença estatística para sexo e raça. Gatos que tinham menos de um ano de idade foram frequentemente diagnosticados com PIF. As lesões mais frequentes observadas foram nefrite piogranulomatosa com vasculite (94,7%; 18/19), necrose renal coagulante (84,2%, 16/19), necrose hepatocelular (57,9%; 11) e leptomeningite necrotizante (47,9%; 9/19). Além disso, as lesões renais associadas ao PIF foram mais graves e frequentes quando comparadas com as do cérebro e fígado. Propõe-se que a necrose seja considerada como uma importante lesão associada a PIF que deve ser incluída no diagnóstico histopatológico desta doença. Palavras-chave: Necrose coagulativa. Felino. Escore lesional. Histopatologia. Piogranulomas. Vasculite.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Epidemiological data and a score-based study of renal, hepatic and cerebral lesions in feline infectious peritonitis

Oliveira

Santis

Headley

2017

SCA

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“…Feline monocytes have been previously shown consitutively to express cytokines (Kipar et al 2005), including IFNγ ( Van de Velde et al 2013). Obesity increases both IL-6 and IFNγ transcription in feline adipose tissue (Van de Velde et al 2013) and IFNγ might be a signal of macrophage activation in cats (Berg et al 2005). The macrophage synthesis of NO has also been shown in cats (Ponti et al 2001).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adipose tissue macrophages in non-rodent mammals: a comparative study

et al. 2015

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The stromal vascular fraction (SVF) of adipose tissue in rodents and primates contains mesenchymal stem cells and immune cells. SVF cells have complex metabolic, immune and endocrine functions with biomedical impact. However, in other mammals, the amount of data on SVF stem cells is negligible and whether the SVF hosts immune cells is unknown. In this study, we show that the SVF is rich in immune cells, with a dominance of adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) in cattle (Bos primigenius taurus), domestic goat (Capra aegagrus hircus), domestic sheep (Ovis aries), domestic cat (Felis catus) and domestic dog (Canis familiaris). ATMs of these species are granulated lysosome-rich cells with lamellipodial protrusions and express the lysosome markers acid phosphatase 5 (ACP-5) and Mac-3/Lamp-2. Using ACP-5 and Mac-3/Lamp-2 as markers, we additionally detected ATMs in other species, such as the domestic horse (Equus ferus caballus), wild boar (Sus scrofa) and red fox (Vulpes vulpes). Feline and canine ATMs also express the murine macrophage marker F4/80 antigen. In the lean condition, the alternative macrophage activation marker CD206 is expressed by feline and canine ATMs and arginase-1 by feline ATMs. Obesity is associated with interleukin-6 and interferon gamma expression and with overt tyrosine nitration in both feline and canine ATMs. This resembles the obesity-induced phenotype switch of murine and human ATMs. Thus, we show, for the first time, that the presence of ATMs is a general trait of mammals. The interaction between the adipose cells and SVF immune cells might be evolutionarily conserved among mammals.

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“…Specifically, although biased by the low number of observations and by the high individual variability, these results suggest that some sequences of FCoV protein N from ''avirulent'' or ''mixed'' strains can stimulate cell-mediated immunity, especially in cats in which cell-mediated immunity is primed by chronic diseases. Future larger studies are required to confirm the possible role of FCoV itself in stimulating the production of IFN-g, the key cytokine of cell-mediated immunity involved in the response against FCoVs and consequently responsible of viral persistence (Gunn-Moore et al, 1998;Dean et al, 2003;Foley et al, 2003;Kiss et al, 2004;Berg et al, 2005;Gelain et al, 2006;Giordano and Paltrinieri, 2009).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, the development of FIP depends on the balance between humoral and cellular immune response (Pedersen, 2009). The cytokine interferon-g (IFN-g) is one of the main modulators of cell mediated immunity (Berg et al, 2005). IFN-g shifts the immune response from T-helper 2 to T-helper 1 with a consequent enhancement of immune cytotoxic activity due to the activation of macrophages and CD8+ T cells.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Production of IFN-γ in feline whole blood after incubation with potential T-cell epitopes of the nucleocapsid protein of feline coronavirus

Rossi

Cornaro

Battilani³

et al. 2011

Veterinary Microbiology

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Interferon gamma (IFN-γ) plays an important role in cell mediated responses against mutated feline coronavirus strains (FCoV) involved in the pathogenesis of feline infectious peritonitis (FIP). The aim of this study was to establish a combined in silico and in vitro approach to assess feline leukocyte production of IFN-γ in response to selected peptides of the nucleocapside protein (N) of FCoVs. To this aim, we designed, through a bioinformatic approach, 8 potentially immunogenic peptides from the protein N corresponding to sequences of residues 14, 182, 198 detected only in FCoVs from FIP cats (virulent strains), only in FCoVs from healthy cats (avirulent strains) and both in FIP and in healthy cats (mixed strains). The peptides or a sham solution were incubated with whole blood from 16 cats (7 healthy and 9 with chronic diseases other than FIP) and IFN-γ concentration was measured on plasma using an ELISA system. RT-PCR expression of IFN-γ mRNA was also evaluated after incubation of the peptides or a sham solution with whole blood from 4 clinically healthy cats. The mean plasma concentration of IFN-γ in samples incubated with peptides decreased and the expression of IFN-γmRNA did not change compared with the sham solution, except for some cats with chronic diseases (which probably have a "pre-activated" immune response). These cats responded to "avirulent" or "mixed" peptides by increasing the concentration of IFN-γ and the expression of IFN-γ mRNA. The combined approach employed in this study allowed us to identify potentially immunogenic peptides of FCoV N protein that can modulate the production of IFN-γ especially in cats with a "pre-activated" cell mediated response.

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Cellular composition and interferon-γ expression of the local inflammatory response in feline infectious peritonitis (FIP)

Cited by 32 publications

References 21 publications

Epidemiological data and a score-based study of renal, hepatic and cerebral lesions in feline infectious peritonitis

Epidemiological data and a score-based study of renal, hepatic and cerebral lesions in feline infectious peritonitis

Adipose tissue macrophages in non-rodent mammals: a comparative study

Production of IFN-γ in feline whole blood after incubation with potential T-cell epitopes of the nucleocapsid protein of feline coronavirus

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