Cellular effects of industrial metal nanoparticles and hydrophilic carbon black dispersion

Abstract

-The effects of five types of metal nanoparticles, gold (Au), silver (Ag), platinum (Pt), Au-polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) colloid, and Pt-PVP colloid, and two types of hydrophilic carbon black on cell behavior were examined. Stable nanoparticle dispersions were prepared and applied to the culture medium of human keratinocyte (HaCaT) and human lung carcinoma (A549) cells for 6 and 24 hr. Then, the mitochondrial activity (MTT assay) and the induction of cellular oxidative stress were examined. The exposure to Au and Ag decreased mitochondrial activity. The exposure to Pt nanoparticles induced an increase in the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) level. In contrast, Au-PVP, Pt-PVP, and hydrophilic carbon black did not exhibit any effects. The observed increase in the ROS level induced by the Pt nanoparticles in this study contradicted our previous findings, in which Pt did not produce chemically reactive molecules. Some nanoparticle dispersions included chemicals as the dispersant, which is used in industrial applications. In some cases, the dispersing agent may have caused some cellular effects. Adsorption of agents on the surface of the nanoparticles may be an important factor here. Hence, the cellular effects of industrial nanoparticles should be evaluated carefully.

Evaluation of E. coli inhibition by plain and polymer-coated silver nanoparticles

“…Nanoparticles range in size from 1-100 nm and function at a molecular and cellular level. Electronic and structural properties of nanoparticles significantly differ from the respective bulk particles 2 , 3 . There are important components in the utilization of nanoparticles that include cellular uptake, adsorption, and metal ion release.…”

“…Some studies indicate that the AgNP may cause antibacterial cell death due to silver ions that prevent DNA replication or inactivating cellular proteins. There are also interactions with the cell membrane in which the structure is damaged resulting in cell death 3 , 11 . Other theories suggest that silver nanoparticles cause cell death through cell lysis and thiol reactions that inactivate enzymes 3 , 12 .…”

“…There are also interactions with the cell membrane in which the structure is damaged resulting in cell death 3 , 11 . Other theories suggest that silver nanoparticles cause cell death through cell lysis and thiol reactions that inactivate enzymes 3 , 12 . Another possible mechanism may be due to oxidative stress, inflammation, and DNA damage 13 .…”

Elemental analysis of histological specimens: a method to unmask nano asbestos fibers

“…In fact, in recent years it has become clear that a material in the nanometric range may be more dangerous than the same material in bulk form. 14-16 If this rule is universal, it should apply also to asbestos nanofibers. 17 Additionaly, the process of malignant transformation of normal lung cells into malignant ones seems to require the direct contact of asbestos fibers with these cells, 9 and therefore it would be logical that the presence or absence of asbestos fiber in the context of the neoplastic lesion should be considered in the process of the etiological attribution of the lesion itself.…”

Organic resolution function and effects of platinum nanoparticles on bacteria and organic matter

“…This is believed to trigger a chain reaction in which free radicals produced from the antioxidant response of PtNPs damage bacteria [19]. While one study has found that PtNPs increase the level of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) [20], another study has reported that PtNPs eliminate ROS [21].…”